The Quantitative Determination of Arsenic by the Gutzeit Method

Sanger, Charles Robert; Black, O. F.

doi:10.2307/20022326

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…A testing program using the Gutzeit chemistry was undertaken to identify and remove arsenical beer from the market. 10 Subsequently, incidence of alcoholic neuritis dropped to rates comparable with rates in other British cities. Copping highlighted the impact that social class-based discrimination had on prolonging the crisis: "For many years prior to the epidemic, substantial numbers of beer drinkers had been systematically misdiagnosed as suffering from alcoholic neuritis when in reality they were being slowly poisoned by arsenic.…”

Section: History Of the Gutzeit Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…9 The Gutzeit method gained rapid popularity in the early years of the twentieth century in response to a much smaller (compared with Bangladesh), though still sensational, crisis of arsenic poisoning that occurred in northwest England. 10 'Alcoholic peripheral neuritis' was a common condition among the poor of late-nineteenth Manchester and surroundings. The condition was characterized by fatigue and progressive paralysis, numbness and 'dropping' of the hands and feet, and muscle tenderness especially in leg muscles and soles of the feet.…”

Section: History Of the Gutzeit Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of arsenic field test kits as a learning exercise for engineering students in global water and sanitation class

Kearns

Krupp²,

Hartman³

et al. 2019

IJSLE

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Around 150 million people in more than 70 countries around the world are exposed to elevated levels of naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater used for drinking and cooking. Inexpensive arsenic field test kits are readily commercially available and have been promoted for classifying the safety of water sources. However, the accuracy and reliability of test kits has been called into question by some researchers. The purpose of this project was to provide decision support to a small nonprofit community development organization in central Mexico regarding the applicability of field test kits for assessing the safety of rural groundwater supplies. Test kit evaluation was conducted as an experiential learning exercise for undergraduate and graduate students in a University engineering course on Global Water and Sanitation. Recounting the scale and scope of the ongoing arsenic crisis in Bangladesh, as well as the sensational epidemic of “arsenical beer” in Manchester, England in 1900 that popularized the Gutzeit chemistry upon which test kits are based, spurred student interest and enthusiasm for the learning activities. Reviewing the contradictory and inconclusive literature from the recent two decades on the use of test kits provided a sobering case study for students to grapple with the difficulties and uncertainties inherent in conducting humanitarian science and engineering in the developing world. This study found generally poor performance of test kits, in particular for waters containing As in excess of 95 mg/L.The field kits tested could not be used to classify waters as “safe,” i.e., below the WHO Guideline Value of 10 mg/L to 95% level of confidence. This study lends further caution to the use of test kits for identification of safe water sources.

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Section: History Of the Gutzeit Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: History Of the Gutzeit Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of arsenic field test kits as a learning exercise for engineering students in global water and sanitation class

Kearns

Krupp²,

Hartman³

et al. 2019

IJSLE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…31 All test kits employed in these original initiatives are based on a one-hundred-year-old method known as the Gutzeit reaction. 32 The kits proceed by first reducing all arsenic in solution to the highly toxic arsine gas, and then reacting the evolved gas with mercuric bromide embedded paper to induce a colour change (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Portable Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 Most kits on the market are based on the Gutzeit reaction, known since at least 1907. 32 Here, colorimetric detection is based on the reaction of arsine gas with mercuric bromide embedded on a paper strip; both of these reactants are toxic and hazardous to the user. Independent studies have shown that these kits have a high rate of false negative and false positive results, and are unreliable for the determination of arsenic levels below 70 µg/L.…”

Section: Introduction To the Global Arsenic Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of trace arsenic in drinking water: challenges and opportunities for microfluidics

Yogarajah¹,

Tsai²

2023

Preprint

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Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a major global problem, with contamination in Bangladesh deemed most serious. Although the current World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum contamination limit (MCL) for arsenic in drinking water is 10 μg L−1, due to practical and economic constraints, the standard limit in Bangladesh and many other developing nations is 50 μg L−1. We propose that an ideal arsenic sensor, designed for routine monitoring, will have five essential qualities: sensitivity and selectivity for arsenic; speed and reliability; portability and robustness; reduced health and environmental risks; and affordability and ease of use for local technicians. It is our opinion that many of these characteristics can be accentuated by microfluidic systems. We describe candidate colorimetric, electrochemical, biological, electrophoretic, surface-sensing, and spectroscopic methods for arsenic detection; and comment on their potential for portable microfluidic adaptation. We also describe existing developments in the literature towards the ultimate creation of microfluidic total analysis systems (μTASs) for arsenic detection. The fundamental purpose of this review is to highlight the need for better portable arsenic contamination detection, and describe how microfluidic technology may be developed to address this need.

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“…Most kits on the market are based on the Gutzeit reaction, known since the 1900s (Sanger & Black 1907).…”

Section: Arsenic Testing Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a simple, portable, colorimetric arsenic sensor based on Molybdenum Blue Chemistry

Yogarajah¹

2021

Preprint

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Ultrasound imaging based on transmitting plane waves (PW) enables ultrafast imaging. Coherent PW compounding ultrasound imaging can reach the image quality of optimal multifocus image. In the image reconstruction, it was assumed that an infinite extent PWs was emitted. In this thesis, we propose a new image reconstruction algorithm – Synthetic-aperture plane-wave (SAPW) imaging – without using this assumption. The SAPW imaging was compared with the PWs imaging in numerical simulations and experimental measurements. The measured RF data in PW imaging was first decoded in the frequency domain using a pseudoinverse algorithm to estimate the RF data Then, SAPW RF data were used to reconstruct images through the standard synthetic transit aperture (STA) method. Main improvements in the image quality of the SAPW imaging in comparison with the PWs imaging are increases in the depth of penetration and the field of view when contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was used as a quantitative metric

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The Quantitative Determination of Arsenic by the Gutzeit Method

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of arsenic field test kits as a learning exercise for engineering students in global water and sanitation class

Evaluation of arsenic field test kits as a learning exercise for engineering students in global water and sanitation class

Detection of trace arsenic in drinking water: challenges and opportunities for microfluidics

Development of a simple, portable, colorimetric arsenic sensor based on Molybdenum Blue Chemistry

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