The Quantitative Changes in the Proteins in the Blood Plasma of Horses in the Course of Immunization

Abstract

When an animal is immunized against bacterial toxins (Seng, z Joachim, a Atkinson, 4 Ledingham ~) and against foreign proteins (MolP), there result certain characteristic quantitative changes in the proteins of the blood plasma. The content of serumglobulin is strikingly increased, even up to double the normal amount; at the same time, there is a diminution in the serumalbumin. Similar changes have been said to occur during starvation ;7 however, Moll has denied that the inanition is the cause of the globulin increase observed in precipitin sera.Atkinson s showed that this serumglobulin increase is in some degree proportional to the antitoxic (diphtheria) potency of the serum. His analyses give figures for the protein precipitable on saturation with magnesium sulphate; this " globulin , , 9 paralleled more or less the gross changes in the antitoxic potency in the serum for the one horse so examined. With his other observations on the increased " globulin " and the antitoxic content of antitoxic 1Received for publication January I8, I9iO.

Tetanus Neurotoxin Neutralizing Antibodies Screened from a Human Immune scFv Antibody Phage Display Library

“…A fully human specific antibody to TeNT, which can be produced in vitro without the immunization process, would be a better alternative to human anti-TeNT serum or antitoxins with large quantities and few side effects to humans [ 7 , 8 ]. Phage display technology is a tractable, economical, and rapid method to obtain human antibodies, in which a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) or antigen-binding fragment (Fab) antibody is expressed as a fusion with a coating protein on the surface of the phage [ 9 ].…”

Characterization of neutralizing chimeric heavy-chain antibodies against tetanus toxin

“…Therefore, specific antiTeNT antibodies produced in vitro without immunization would be a better alternative to TIG or antitoxins. 6 , 7 …”

The Demonstration of the Increase of Globulin in Diphtheria Antitoxins by the Precipitation Reaction

“…The results of many different workers (Hiss and Atkinson, 1900;Ledingham, 1907;Gibson and Banzhaf, 1910;and others), who have used chemical methods, have shown that the production of diphtheria antitoxin is accompanied by a considerable rise in the globulin content of the serum of the injected horse.…”