The Quantal Larynx: The Stable Regions of Laryngeal Biomechanics and Implications for Speech Production

Moisik, Scott R.; Gick, Bryan

doi:10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-16-0019

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…(Ohala, 1993, p. 237). Sounds which are more robustly produced and perceived, as demonstrated from biomechanical models of speech production, also tend to occur more frequently cross linguistically (Moisik and Gick, 2017). Here, we predict that a similar dynamic will make Ferros with larger articulation spaces more robustly and accurately produced across chains and generations.…”

Section: Ferro: Truly Alien Formsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Alien forms for alien language: investigating novel form spaces in cultural evolution

Cuskley

2019

Palgrave Commun

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A cornerstone of experimental studies in language evolution has been iterated artificial language learning: studies where participants learn of artificial 'alien' languages, and the product of their learning is then passed onto other participants successively. Results over the last decade show that some defining features of human language can arise under these experimental conditions, which use iteration to simulate processes of cultural transmission. The form modalities used in iterated learning studies have expanded considerably in recent years, but the dynamics of how learning a completely novel form system interact with processes of cultural transmission are only beginning to be explored. This paper provides a brief overview of artificial language learning studies in the context of language evolution, situating them in a framework which focuses on forms used in learning and production. This issue is further explored with an iterated experiment which focuses on the role of learning completely novel forms in isolation. This experiment uses a new set of graphical symbols called Ferros, which are produced using a virtual palette. Results show that properties of this novel form space-in particular, ease of articulation-have specific effects on sequence learning and evolution. These results have implications for how forms and modalities might constrain language systems, and demonstrate how the use of truly novel alien forms might be extended to address new questions in cultural and linguistic evolution.

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Section: Ferro: Truly Alien Formsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Alien forms for alien language: investigating novel form spaces in cultural evolution

Cuskley

2019

Palgrave Commun

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“…With contemporary tools, such as computational modeling, it is becoming possible to reveal the extent of the quantal nature of speech biomechanics, which will help in identifying the set of NMMs and validate and further explore the synergies acting on those NMMs. Biomechanical simulation research that examines such effects in the context of the larynx is underway and provides support for some of the NMMs discussed in this article (Moisik & Gick 2017). More sophisticated computational models would allow for cross-domain effects (aerodynamics interacting with biomechanics) to be explored.…”

Section: Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the PPM, the increased proneness of constricted glottal configurations towards supralaryngeal interactions, as in glottal-stop vowel-lowering cases, reflects synergistic interactions within the LVT. The PPM proposes several hypopharyngeal stop NMMs (stops in the general region of the lower pharynx-larynx) as shown in Figure 9 (and recent biomechanical modeling work by Moisik & Gick (2017), provides some support for these, although it suggests that y/z is unstable to the point that it will often become y/2 z). These NMMs engage varying degrees of epilaryngeal stricture from ventricular reinforcement, y/2 z, to full closure of the epilarynx, y?z).…”

Section: The Lingual-laryngeal Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This should at least help to clarify that NMMs are not themselves abstract constructs like phonemes, but rather concrete aspects of the motor system which enable us to produce speech sounds, and possibly entire sequences of such sounds, with reliability and efficiency. 3 An important property of NMMs is that their usefulness in producing sounds depends on how much they exploit quantal properties of the biomechanical-articulatory domain (Fujimura & Kakita 1979, Fujimura 1989, Gick et al 2011, Nazari et al 2011, Moisik & Gick 2017. As with other physical domains, the nonlinear nature of the biomechanicalarticulatory domain means that certain regions of parameter space (e.g.…”

Section: Phonological Potentials Of the Biomechanical-articulatory Domentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important property of NMMs is that their usefulness in producing sounds depends on how much they exploit quantal properties of the biomechanical-articulatory domain (Fujimura & Kakita 1979, Fujimura 1989, Gick et al 2011, Nazari et al 2011, Moisik & Gick 2017). As with other physical domains, the nonlinear nature of the biomechanical-articulatory domain means that certain regions of parameter space (e.g.…”

Section: Introduction: Lvt Phonologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phonological potentials and the lower vocal tract

Moisik

Czaykowska-Higgins

Esling

2019

Journal of the International Phonetic Association

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This paper outlines a theoretical approach to speech sound systems based on the notion of phonological potentials: physical ‘pressures’ or biases that give rise to discrete structure and the tendencies associated with this structure that arise from the physical nature of speech sound systems. We apply this approach to a poorly understood area of phonology – phenomena of the lower vocal tract (LVT) – through a schematic that encapsulates the complex interactions among the vocal tract structures responsible for producing LVT sounds. With the framework, we provide an account of a range of LVT phenomena from several languages, illustrating how tonal, phonatory, and vowel qualities interact. Finally, we consider how the idea of phonological potentials extends across various physical domains and might exhibit patterns of alignment across these domains, thereby serving to guide the formation of patterns found in speech sound systems.

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Amount and spatial arrangement of muscle fibers in the human laryngeal Musculus ventricularis

2023

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Textbooks and atlases of human macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the larynx generally provide, if at all, only sparse information on the laryngeal Musculus ventricularis. However, several studies indicate that this muscle takes over the function of vestibular (ventricular) fold phonation after denervation of the Musculus vocalis. In the present study, 29 laryngeal specimens were coronally dissected at different levels, i.e. the anterior (L1), middle (L2), and posterior third of the vestibular fold (L3), and they underwent histological analysis. In all specimens the vestibular folds of both hemi‐larynxes contained striated muscle bundles in variable amounts, representing a ventricularis muscle. These muscle bundles obviously originated from the lateral (external) and thyroepiglottic part of the thyroarytenoid muscle and the aryepiglottic part of the oblique arytenoid muscle, as has been described by other authors. The areas of vestibular folds and their amounts of ventricularis muscle bundles were measured using image analysis software (imageJ) by manual tracing. The mean area of the vestibular folds of both hemi‐larynxes was 27.9 mm2 (SD [standard deviation] ± 9.17), and the area occupied by fibers of the ventricularis muscle was 1.5 mm2 (SD ± 1.78). Statistical analysis comparing the areas of both hemi‐larynxes and levels resulted in no significant differences, except for the levels 2 and 3. In level 2, significantly more muscle fibers (2.0 mm2; SD ± 2.21) were detectable within the vestibular fold than in level 3 (0.9 mm2; SD ± 1.43). Level 1 also contained more muscle fibers (1.1 mm2; SD ± 1.06) than level 3, however, without significance. In conclusion, the laryngeal ventricularis muscle is present in the majority of reported cases. Since the muscle is of clinical relevance, it should be included in anatomical textbooks by default.

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The Quantal Larynx: The Stable Regions of Laryngeal Biomechanics and Implications for Speech Production

Abstract: Quantal laryngeal biomechanics complement a modular view of speech control and have implications for the articulatory-biomechanical grounding of numerous phonetic and phonological phenomena.

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Alien forms for alien language: investigating novel form spaces in cultural evolution

Alien forms for alien language: investigating novel form spaces in cultural evolution

Phonological potentials and the lower vocal tract

Amount and spatial arrangement of muscle fibers in the human laryngeal Musculus ventricularis

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