The quality control system of distilled spirits

Abstract

Research has been carried out to identify and quantify phenolic and furan compounds (gallic acid, ellagic acid, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillin, syringaldehyde, vanillic acid, syringic acid, synapic aldehyde, coniferyl aldehyde), volatile organic impurities (acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, 1-propanol, isobutanol, 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol), cations (sodium, ammonium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) and anions (chlorides, nitrites, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, oxalates) in distilled spirits (whiskey, rum, tequila). Some differences were observed in the phenolic profiles of authentic and fake rum samples. The ranges of the cations and anions content in commercial samples of rum, whiskey, tequila have been determined. The data obtained can be used to develop objective criteria for detecting counterfeit products.

Characterisation of Low Molecular Weight Compounds of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) Fruit Spirit Aged with Oak Wood

“…In aged wine spirits, the phenolic acids and coumarins contribute to bitter and astringent tastes [24], while phenolic aldehydes are responsible for the typical vanilla and woody notes [25]. During the ageing process, the polymeric phenolic compounds found in oak wood undergo oxidative reactions, forming syringaldehyde and vanillin [26]. However, as far as we know, no studies have been developed on the relationship between the compounds mentioned above and the sensory features of AUS.…”

Soybean yield in mixed crops

“…Soy (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) over the past 20 years, in Russia, due to the growth of intensive animal husbandry, due to a significant increase in acreage and yield, gross soybean harvests are at more than 6 million tons, having increased almost 5 times over the past 10 years [3]. Soy is the most important legume crop currently grown worldwide in various climatic conditions, it plays an important role in global food security, as well as in the sustainability of agriculture due to the high content of protein and oil in seeds and low dependence on nitrogen fertilizers, due to the biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.…”