The Qingdao Preschooler Facial Expression Set: Acquisition and Validation of Chinese Children’s Facial Emotion Stimuli

Abstract

Traditional research on emotion-face processing has primarily focused on the expression of basic emotions using adult emotional face stimuli. Stimulus sets featuring child faces or emotions other than basic emotions are rare. The current study describes the acquisition and evaluation of the Qingdao Preschooler Facial Expression (QPFE) set, a facial stimulus set with images featuring 54 Chinese preschoolers’ emotion expressions. The set includes 712 standardized color photographs of six basic emotions (joy, fear, anger, sadness, surprise, and disgust), five discrete positive emotions (interest, contentment, relief, pride, and amusement), and a neutral expression. The validity of the pictures was examined based on 43 adult raters’ online evaluation, including agreement between designated emotions and raters’ labels, as well as intensity and representativeness scores. Overall, these data should contribute to the developmental and cross-cultural research on children’s emotion expressions and provide insights for future research on positive emotions.

Immersive Experience and Climate Change Monitoring in Digital Landscapes: Evidence from Somatosensory Sense and Comfort

“…Briefer et al believe that an appropriate temperature, humidity and wind speed give people a high somatosensory comfort level, and on this basis, this study further proposed that the high somatosensory comfort level of subjects is correlated with a low emotional arousal degree. According to Equations (4)-(6), when 6 ≤ RPE ≤ 12, the subject is in a state of low fatigue and low emotional arousal, and the SC wave value is < 7%, which confirms that the subject has a high somatosensory comfort level; this is consistent with the research results of Chen et al (2022) [ 68 ]. When the temperature in the sunlight-exposed area is extremely high, and the somatosensory comfort level is ≥75 and the RPE index is ≥13, the subjects are in a state of high fatigue and high emotional arousal, which indicates that the subjects have a high psychological cognitive load and a low somatosensory comfort level; this is consistent with the research results of Kron (2013) [ 69 ].…”

Stimuli Video Quantification Based on Valence-Arousal Elicitation in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

“…The utilization of stimuli to induce emotional states is widely used in many kinds of research, especially psychological research. There are many stimuli used to induce emotion such as odors [4] [5], situational play [5] [6], cartoons [7] [8] [9] , puppets [9] [10] or graphics like pictures [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] They can invoke existing emotional memories. Other than pictures, videos have been accepted in the field of emotion research and have been used for decades [16] [17] [18] [19] [20].…”