The PZT/Ni unimorph magnetoelectric energy harvester for wireless sensing applications

Lu, Yun; Chen, Jianguo; Cheng, Zhenxiang; Zhang, Shujun

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112084

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This system was capable of producing a power density of 0.2-0.56 mW•cm −3 under an acceleration of 0.2 g [99]. A PZT/ Ni unimorph cantilever with a NdFeB magnet as tip mass was developed by Lu et al [100] for energy harvesting in wireless sensing applications. This harvester has a maximum power density of 270 µW•cm −3 at the resonance frequency of 50 Hz.…”

Section: Applications In the 40 Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This harvester has a maximum power density of 270 µW•cm −3 at the resonance frequency of 50 Hz. The demonstration showed that the device was capable of harvesting energy from the ambient magnetic energy and powering commercial wireless temperature/humidity sensors [100]. The work on [101] reports on a magnetic proximity sensor combining printed technologies and a polymer-based ME laminate.…”

Section: Applications In the 40 Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetoelectrics: Three Centuries of Research Heading Towards the 4.0 Industrial Revolution

et al. 2020

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Magnetoelectric (ME) materials composed of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases have been the subject of decades of research due to their versatility and unique capability to couple the magnetic and electric properties of the matter. While these materials are often studied from a fundamental point of view, the 4.0 revolution (automation of traditional manufacturing and industrial practices, using modern smart technology) and the Internet of Things (IoT) context allows the perfect conditions for this type of materials being effectively/finally implemented in a variety of advanced applications. This review starts in the era of Rontgen and Curie and ends up in the present day, highlighting challenges/directions for the time to come. The main materials, configurations, ME coefficients, and processing techniques are reported.

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Section: Applications In the 40 Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications In the 40 Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoelectrics: Three Centuries of Research Heading Towards the 4.0 Industrial Revolution

et al. 2020

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“…To increase the output power of a MME generator, magnetoelectric effect was further combined by using a magnetostrictive beam (Metglas, FeGa, and Ni), and a dramatic increase of the harvested power was proven. [16,[19][20][21][22] For example, Ryu et al introduced a cantilevered MME generator with a [011]-oriented single crystal-fiber composite bonded to a Ni beam and realized an optimized output power density of 46 mW cm −3 Oe −2 . [16] In 2018, Annapureddy et al further reported a MME generator consisting of a piezoelectric crystal macrofiber composite and a highly textured magnetostrictive FeGa alloy, which reached an open-circuit peak-to-peak voltage of up to 212 V under a magnetic noise field of 7 Oe at 60 Hz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23] Note that a magnetic field with an intensity above 5 Oe was normally used to demonstrate the energy harvesting performance of a typical MME generator previously. [11,12,20,23,24] However, the reference level for general public exposure to time-varying magnetic fields at 50/60 Hz recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) is 1 Oe, [25] and the magnetic field intensity at a distance of 30 cm from most household appliances is also below the guideline limit. [26] Although a respectable energy output can be obtained by placing a MME generator in close proximity to magnetic sources, the resulting side effects for industrial machines or household appliances will greatly limit the practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significantly Enhanced Power Generation from Extremely Low‐Intensity Magnetic Field via a Clamped‐Clamped Magneto‐Mechano‐Electric Generator

Dong

Sun

Wang

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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battery maintenance and replacement will be practically infeasible. In addition, it is also challenging to recharge or replace batteries in harsh environments, such as the deep ocean and high air. In this regard, energy harvesting technology may be considered an ultimate solution to replace batteries, realize self-powered IoT components, and thus provide a long-term power supply for wireless sensor networks. [4,5] From the viewpoint of environmental pollution, the elimination of batteries, which are classified as "hazardous wastes," is also of great significance. [6] Among a large number of harvestable energy sources, like vibration, [7,8] radiation, [9,10] and magnetic/electric fields, [11,12] stray magnetic energy generated from power transmission cables, industrial machines, household appliances, etc., is technically favored because of the fixed frequency of 50 or 60 Hz and the ubiquitous distribution. [13][14][15][16] Coil devices based on electromagnetic induction principles are conventionally adopted to capture the ambient but wasted magnetic field energy. [13,17] However, the output power from compact coils is very limited in the case of low-frequency magnetic field energy harvesting. In contrast, magneto-mechano-electric (MME) generators are considered the most promising options to scavenge disused magnetic field energy. [12] The earliest design of a typical A magneto-mechano-electric (MME) generator that can harvest ambient magnetic noise plays a significant role in powering Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks. However, it is still a challenge to capture sufficient energy and continuously drive IoT nodes from extremely low-intensity magnetic noise below 1 Oe. To circumvent the close dependence of the resonant frequency on the magnetic proof mass in conventional MME generators, a new clampedclamped (C-C) MME generator is proposed, that allows a much heavier magnetic mass to be attached at the beam center. Under weak magnetic fields of 0.48 and 0.96 Oe at 50 Hz, optimized output powers of 370 and 970 μW RMS , respectively are achieved, which shows an enhancement of ≈120% over that of cantilevered MME generators. The underlying mechanics are theoretically revealed by comparing the lumped parameters with a cantilevered MME generator and by calculating their deflection gain. Finally, it is demonstrated that the harvested energy from the proposed C-C MME generator from a 0.48 Oe magnetic field at 50 Hz is sufficient to continuously drive an IoT sensor without any additional intervals for recharging. It is believed that this work will open new possibilities for designing MME generators suitable for weak field energy harvesting.

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“…By optimizing the direction of magnetization by vertically adjusting the flux direction of the power cord and magnetic direction of the tip magnet, Cho et al [25] obtained a high electrical power of 39.2 mW (planar-vertical) at 5 kΩ for the magnetic piezoelectric energy harvester. Lu et al [18] reported a Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT)/Ni single piezoelectric wafer cantilever with a permanent magnet (NdFeB) tip, coupled by the magnetostriction of the Ni beam to the magnetic torque of the NdFeB magnets, with a maximum power density of 270 µW/cm 3 . The device could power a commercial wireless temperature/humidity sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid piezo/triboelectric nanogenerator for stray magnetic energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing applications

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

High Voltage

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Stray magnetic fields with a fixed frequency of 50/60 Hz are ubiquitous in buildings, factories, and power system equipment. Researchers are increasingly focusing on harvesting electrical energy from stray magnetic fields to provide sustainable energy for the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Magneto-mechano-electric energy conversion is the most efficient way to convert low-frequency stray magnetic fields into electricity. In this study, we proposed a hybrid piezo/triboelectric nanogenerator (HP/TENG) on the basis of a cantilever beam to use stray magnetic fields from the surrounding environment. The hybrid nanogenerator provided high output voltage/current and power of ∼176 V/ 375 μA and 4.7 mW (matched impedance of 20 kΩ) in a magnetic field environment of 4 Oe. The device provided a stable 3.6 V direct current output by incorporating energy management circuitry to sustainably drive power to commercial wireless temperature/ humidity sensors. The HP/TENG has a significant application potential in IoT, which can use stray magnetic energy and a power wireless sensor system.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The PZT/Ni unimorph magnetoelectric energy harvester for wireless sensing applications

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Magnetoelectrics: Three Centuries of Research Heading Towards the 4.0 Industrial Revolution

Magnetoelectrics: Three Centuries of Research Heading Towards the 4.0 Industrial Revolution

Significantly Enhanced Power Generation from Extremely Low‐Intensity Magnetic Field via a Clamped‐Clamped Magneto‐Mechano‐Electric Generator

Hybrid piezo/triboelectric nanogenerator for stray magnetic energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing applications

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