The pyrolysis of industrial alliaceous plant wastes: Illustration of process and characterization of products

Abstract

Biomass is one of the renewable energy and material sources. Agricultural biomass wastes are in top list in terms of quantity and uniformity. The stalks, leafs, and peels of them have taken considerable attention for various purposes. The biomass and wastes in recycling of matter and recuperation of chemicals with thermochemical conversion techniques are an efficient way in environmental perspective. The alliaceous plant reaches huge amount and its peels take attention in terms of difficulty of recycling with potential valuable compounds like its pulp. Here the pyrolysis of this garlic peel wastes was accomplished to obtain various valuable solid and liquid products that were analyzed with miscellaneous methods (thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscope). Three basic zones were appeared in thermal analysis for pyrolysis process. The valorization of these wastes to obtain precious chemicals and combustible compounds equivalent to petroleum products was illustrated by this way. Also carbonaceous compounds have been sequestered in solid and liquid forms by this way. The main fuel additives, methanol was obtained in remarkable amount (22.5%) from the liquid products. Also, porous material was produced from the solid products.

Characterisation of Allium sativum bulb and its component for high end applications

“…The reduction of moisture content may be due to the lye solution reducing the pectin content, which has the capability to hold the moisture content. A similar trend in moisture content (15.03%) and ash (6.30%) were mentioned for garlic inner peel [2]. The fat content in the RGPP (1.14±0.06%) and TGPP (0.32±0.04%) were found to be in lesser amounts.…”

“…Where, 𝑋 = (𝑎+1.75𝐿) (5.645𝐿+𝑎−3.012𝑏) 𝐶 = √𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 (3) Where C signifies saturation of the colour. The hue (H) angle formula is directly correlated with the quadrant of the colour location.…”

“…Garlic comprises 2-4 layers of concentric cloves, with a central woody stalk. It has two layers of peels as outer peel covering the bulb and inner peel covering individual clove [2]. Peels are composed of 4-5 layers divided into 5-20 sub-layers with low-fat and high protein content.…”

“…Electrical properties of treated garlic peel paper3.7. Organosulphur and phenolic compoundsChromatogram of HPLC for the organosulphur and phenolic compounds of garlic are shown in Figure4[1] and[2], respectively. The peaks in the chromatogram of organosulphur were identified at the retention time of 1.622 min, 2.401 min, 3.087 min, 14.470 min, and 22.754 min for organosulphur compounds A to E (Table4) The variation may be due to the adopted method of extraction of garlic extract preparation, location, cultivation practices, and soil condition.…”

Validation of environmental disinfection efficiency of traditional Ayurvedic fumigation practices

“…The observed higher efficiency of garlic peel in improving microbiological air quality compared to other herbal products that were tested may be linked to the sulfur containing chemicals (Allicin and diallyl sulfides) of garlic that have been identified to exhibit antibacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA bacteria [16]. Elemental analysis of garlic peel indicates the presence of sulfur and ethyl acetate extract of garlic peel exhibits antibacterial activity against Colletotrichum acutatum [17], [18]. MRSA is the most common bacteria found in hospital environment causing HCAIs [5].…”