The pyrolysis mechanism of phenol formaldehyde resin

Ftir Method in Studies of the Resol Type Phenol Resin Structure in the Air Atmosphere in Some Time Intervals

“…The maximum recorded at wave-number 3400 cm −1 is related to the stretching vibrations of OH in the aromatic ring (C-OH). This can also indicate weak bands derived from stretching vibrations of CH bonds in the aliphatic arrangement at 2941 and 2911 cm −1 , which are surely related to the methylene group -CH 2 -present in the phenolic resin structure between the aromatic rings [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

“…The 1351 cm −1 band can be attributed to deformation vibrations of phenolic OH groups in a plane. Vibration bonds alkyl-phenol can be attributed to band 1288 cm −1 , while the band at 1080 cm −1 is a result of the deformation vibration of bonds CH of the aromatic ring [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Adhesives formulated from bark bio-crude and phenol formaldehyde resole

“…The second thermal degradation stage is related to the break of methylene (ether) bridges into methyl groups, evolving methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, small oligomers or water. Meanwhile, methylene scission into such volatiles as phenol and methyl derivatives would take place in this temperature range (Jiang et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2008;Costa et al, 1997). The third thermal degradation stage is believed to be attributed to the degradation of phenol groups, and the collapse, carbonization and graphitization of PF resin network (Jiang et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2008;Costa et al, 1997).…”

Gradient separation of ⩾300°C distillate from low-temperature coal tar based on formaldehyde reactions

“…A broad peak at 3440 cm À1 in 300DF and THFS becomes weaker with the increase of heat treatment temperature, which is due to the decomposition of phenolic resin. The characteristic peaks of FTIR that range from 1612 cm À1 to 754 cm À1 become indistinct and transform into the absorption peak in 1077 cm À1 which is associated with a polycyclic aromatic ring [29] in 300DF-800 and THFS-800. Compared with the peaks mentioned above, the characteristic vibrational modes of aliphatics are Table 3 The correlated data of TG and DTG of different samples.…”