The puzzle of bakanae disease through interactions between Fusarium fujikuroi and rice

Spadaro, D.

doi:10.2741/e806

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…A similar correlation between low GA and high fumonisin levels on the one hand, and a pathotype called “dwarfism” on the other hand, was also described for the Italian F . fujikuroi isolate CSV1 [ 58 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics of geographically distant Fusarium fujikuroi isolates revealed two distinct pathotypes correlating with secondary metabolite profiles

et al. 2017

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Fusarium fujikuroi causes bakanae (“foolish seedling”) disease of rice which is characterized by hyper-elongation of seedlings resulting from production of gibberellic acids (GAs) by the fungus. This plant pathogen is also known for production of harmful mycotoxins, such as fusarins, fusaric acid, apicidin F and beauvericin. Recently, we generated the first de novo genome sequence of F. fujikuroi strain IMI 58289 combined with extensive transcriptional, epigenetic, proteomic and chemical product analyses. GA production was shown to provide a selective advantage during infection of the preferred host plant rice. Here, we provide genome sequences of eight additional F. fujikuroi isolates from distant geographic regions. The isolates differ in the size of chromosomes, most likely due to variability of subtelomeric regions, the type of asexual spores (microconidia and/or macroconidia), and the number and expression of secondary metabolite gene clusters. Whilst most of the isolates caused the typical bakanae symptoms, one isolate, B14, caused stunting and early withering of infected seedlings. In contrast to the other isolates, B14 produced no GAs but high amounts of fumonisins during infection on rice. Furthermore, it differed from the other isolates by the presence of three additional polyketide synthase (PKS) genes (PKS40, PKS43, PKS51) and the absence of the F. fujikuroi-specific apicidin F (NRPS31) gene cluster. Analysis of additional field isolates confirmed the strong correlation between the pathotype (bakanae or stunting/withering), and the ability to produce either GAs or fumonisins. Deletion of the fumonisin and fusaric acid-specific PKS genes in B14 reduced the stunting/withering symptoms, whereas deletion of the PKS51 gene resulted in elevated symptom development. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two subclades of F. fujikuroi strains according to their pathotype and secondary metabolite profiles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics of geographically distant Fusarium fujikuroi isolates revealed two distinct pathotypes correlating with secondary metabolite profiles

et al. 2017

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“…fujikuroi strains and the production of fumonisins, but, notwithstanding, there are few works investigating its effect on the rice-F. fujikuroi pathosystem (Saremi and Farrokhi, 2004;Matić et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Phenotypes, Similar Genomes: Three Newly Sequenced Fusarium fujikuroi Strains Induce Different Symptoms in Rice Depending on Temperature

et al. 2020

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Bakanae, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, is one of the most important diseases of rice and is attributed to up to 75% of losses, depending on the strain and environmental conditions. Some strains cause elongation and thin leaves, whereas others induce stunting and chlorotic seedlings. Differences in symptoms are attributed to genetic differences in the strains. F. fujikuroi strains Augusto2, CSV1, and I1.3 were sequenced with Illumina MiSeq, and pathogenicity trials were conducted on rice cultivar Galileo, which is susceptible to bakanae. By performing gene prediction, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling, and structural variant analysis with a reference genome, we show how an extremely limited number of polymorphisms in genes not commonly associated with bakanae disease can cause strong differences in phenotype. CSV1 and Augusto2 were particularly close, with only 21,887 SNPs between them, but they differed in virulence, reaction to temperature, induced symptoms, colony morphology and color, growth speed, fumonisin, and gibberellin production. Genes potentially involved in the shift in phenotype were identified. Furthermore, we show how temperature variation may result in different symptoms even in rice plants inoculated with the same F. fujikuroi strain. Moreover, all of the F. fujikuroi strains became more virulent at higher temperatures. Significant differences were likewise observed in gibberellic acid production and in the expression of both fungal and plant gibberellin biosynthetic genes.

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“…The disease symptoms of RBD are slender, chlorotic, and elongated primary leaves [2], due to the production of fungal gibberellic acid, which has resulted in the disease being called the Japanese word 'bakanae', which means the 'foolish seedling' [3]. The disease incidence usually ranges from 0.25% to 20% [4], even up to 40% in India [5], leading to a severe rice yield loss [6]. The pathogens responsible for the disease are primarily seedborne, but it also survives in soil and infected plant debris, which persists from one season to the next from the remains of infected plants [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Rice Seed-Derived Fusarium spp. and Development of LAMP Assay against Fusarium fujikuroi

Jiang

Jin

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Fusarium species are important seedborne pathogens that cause rice bakanae disease (RBD). In this study, 421 strains were isolated from 25 rice samples collected from Zhejiang, Anhui, and Jiangxi provinces of China. Furthermore, 407 isolates were identified as F. fujikuroi (80.05% isolation frequency), F. proliferatum (8.31%), F. equiseti (5.94%), F. incarnatum (2.61%), F. andiyazi (0.95%), and F. asiaticum (0.48%) based on morphology and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of combined sequences of the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), TEF1-α gene, and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) showed that 17 representative strains were attributed to six species. Pathogenicity tests showed that representative isolates possessed varying ability to cause symptoms of bakanae on rice seedlings. Moreover, the seed germination assay revealed that six isolates had different effects, such as inhibition of seed germination, as well as seed and bud rot. The loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based assay were developed for the detection of F. fujikuroi. According to sequences of desaturase-coding gene promoter, a species-specific marker desM231 was developed for the detection of F. fujikuroi. The LAMP assay using seeds collected from field was validated, and diagnostics developed are efficient, rapid, and sensitive.

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The puzzle of bakanae disease through interactions between Fusarium fujikuroi and rice

Cited by 42 publications

References 43 publications

Comparative genomics of geographically distant Fusarium fujikuroi isolates revealed two distinct pathotypes correlating with secondary metabolite profiles

Comparative genomics of geographically distant Fusarium fujikuroi isolates revealed two distinct pathotypes correlating with secondary metabolite profiles

Different Phenotypes, Similar Genomes: Three Newly Sequenced Fusarium fujikuroi Strains Induce Different Symptoms in Rice Depending on Temperature

Identification of Rice Seed-Derived Fusarium spp. and Development of LAMP Assay against Fusarium fujikuroi

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