The putative cannabinoid-secreting trichome of Trema micrantha (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae)

Teixeira, Simone Pádua; Nascimento, Isabel Cristina; Grejo, Marina Priolo; Leite, Viviane Gonçalves; Machado, Sílvia Rodrigues

doi:10.1007/s00709-023-01907-w

Protoplasma

2023

DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01907-w

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The putative cannabinoid-secreting trichome of Trema micrantha (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae)

Simone Pádua Teixeira,

Isabel Cristina Nascimento,

Marina Priolo Grejo

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Anatomy and Chemical Constituency of Trema Micrantha Fruit: Relationship with Dispersal Syndrome and Urban Afforestation

Correia,

Leme

2024

RGSA

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Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the anatomy and histochemistry of Trema micrantha fruit to correlate the data with its wide distribution in urban areas. Theoretical framework: T. micrantha is a native tree species belonging to the Cannabaceae family and grows widely in urban areas, riparian forests, and environmental recovery areas in Brazil. The fruit is of the drupe type and is mainly consumed by avifauna, however, reports on its anatomy and chemical composition are lacking, and the relationship between fruit structure and dispersion syndromes has not been studied. Method: The mature fruits were fixed, dehydrated, embedded, polymerized in methacrylate, and sectioned using a rotating microtome. The slides were mounted, stained, and analyzed under a light microscope. Surface analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results and conclusion: The pericarp consisted of an exocarp, a mesocarp, and an endocarp. The exocarp is uniseriate and contained papillae, stomata, and a cuticle. The mesocarp is parenchymatic and subdivided into three regions: external, middle, and internal. The endocarp is uniseriate and contains sclerified cells. Histochemical tests revealed the presence of lipids, proteins, starch grains, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids in the mesocarp. Research implications: The presence of lipids, proteins, and starch increases the nutritional value of the fruit, indicating its dispersion by animals, mainly birds, and the dispersion of diaspores in urban areas. Originality/value: T. micrantha contributes to the food chain of local fauna, and their population will benefit from by increasing afforestation.

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Anatomy and Chemical Constituency of Trema Micrantha Fruit: Relationship with Dispersal Syndrome and Urban Afforestation

Correia,

Leme

2024

RGSA

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Does Trema micranthum (L.) Blume Produce Cannabinoids?

Oliveira,

Estrada-Semprun,

Arantes

et al. 2024

Plants

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There are inconclusive claims in the scientific literature that the species Trema micranthum, widely distributed throughout the Brazilian territory, may produce phytocannabinoids, potentially serving as an alternative to Cannabis sativa. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation to assess the presence of phytocannabinoids in two Trema micranthum samples collected in the Midwest region of Brazil. In trying to detect cannabinoids in T. micranthum, a recommended cannabis screening test was employed, the Fast Blue BB Salt (FBBBS) colorimetric assay, followed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and instrumental techniques: high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). When employed without chloroform extraction, the FBBBS reagent yielded positive results for extracts from all parts of T. micranthum (leaves, branches, fruits, and inflorescences). However, these initial positive results from the FBBBS test, suggesting the presence of cannabinoids, were not corroborated by FBBBS followed by chloroform extraction, TLC, or the instrumental techniques used in this study. These additional outcomes suggest that the positive FBBBS test results were likely due to the presence of other phenolic compounds rather than phytocannabinoids. For example, the presence of vitexin-like compounds in T. micranthum extracts might explain the positive FBBBS test results. Therefore, new assertions that T. micranthum produces cannabinoids will require the support of more selective experiments to avoid false-positive claims based on less selective screening tests.

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The putative cannabinoid-secreting trichome of Trema micrantha (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae)

Cited by 2 publications

References 62 publications

Anatomy and Chemical Constituency of Trema Micrantha Fruit: Relationship with Dispersal Syndrome and Urban Afforestation

Anatomy and Chemical Constituency of Trema Micrantha Fruit: Relationship with Dispersal Syndrome and Urban Afforestation

Does Trema micranthum (L.) Blume Produce Cannabinoids?

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