The pursuit of commercial silicon-based microparticle anodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries: A review

Abstract

Silicon (Si) is one of the most promising anode materials for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, the widespread application of Si-based anodes is inhibited by large volume change, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and poor electrical conductivity. During the past decade, significant efforts have been made to overcome these major challenges toward industrial applications. This review summarizes the recent development of microscale Si-based electrodes fabricated by Si microparticles or other industrial bulk materials from the perspective of industrialization. First, the challenges for microscale Si anodes are clarified. Second, structural design strategies of stable micro-sized Si materials are discussed. Third, other critical practical metrics, such as robust binder construction and electrolyte design, are also highlighted. Finally, future trends and perspectives on the commercialization of Si-based anodes are provided. KEYWORDSsilicon, micro-sized particles, lithium-ion batteries, porous structures, polymer binder, electrolyte design Figure 1 Overview of Si-based anodes for LIBs: (a) merits and (b) fundamental challenges. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [16], © Wiley-VCH GmbH 2021.

Lithium Vanadium Oxide/Graphene Composite as a Promising Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Figure 5 a showed the EIS spectrum of LVO and LVO/GN composite. In the EIS spectrum, the high-frequency region is related to the charge transfer process which reveals the characteristics of electrochemical reaction resistance while the low-frequency region is related to the electrical conductivity of electrode material [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. The equivalent circuit model of EIS spectrum is shown in Figure 5 b, where R is the interface resistance, R ct is the charge transfer resistance, CPE is the capacitance, and W is the Warburg impedance.…”

Practical production of heteroatom-bridged and mixed amorphous–crystalline silicon for stable and fast-charging batteries

“…The Sibased anode, in particular, is considered as one of the most promising materials for overcoming the limitation of energy density owing to its high theoretical capacity (3579 mA h g −1 for Li 15 Si 4 ), low operation voltage (<0.4 V versus Li/Li + ), natural abundance, and well-established structure. 11,12 However, the commercial application of Si as the active material has been restrained due to a huge volume change during lithiation/delithiation (>300%), subsequently leading to severe pulverization, electroactive material loss, and nally rapid capacity decay. 13,14 Therefore, pure Si cannot sustain its high gravimetric and volumetric capacity during its cycle life, hardly replacing conventional graphite anodes up to now.…”

Graphene based magnetite carbon nanofiber composites as anodes for high-performance Li-ion batteries

“…, have gained considerable attention recently. 3–5 LIBs have been regarded as capable power sources in the scientific and industrial domains due to their outstanding qualities, such as their extended lifetime, high capacity, and high energy density. 6,7…”

“…2 Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs), which can power electric vehicles, mobile electronic devices, etc., have gained considerable attention recently. [3][4][5] LIBs have been regarded as capable power sources in the scientific and industrial domains due to their outstanding qualities, such as their extended lifetime, high capacity, and high energy density. 6,7 It is well known that the electrode materials play a vital role in LIBs.…”