The Pulse Rate as a Means of Measuring Metabolic Rate in Man

Booyens, J; Hervey, G. R.

doi:10.1139/o60-162

Cited by 49 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Taking the high coefficients of determination into consideration, the results in this study were considered very reliable. The slope of the HR-EE curves of the subjects in the present study is clearly steeper than that of non-trained individuals previously reported by other researchers (13,14,16,20,27). It indicates that the steepness of the slope is likely to predict or estimate an individual's fitness level.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

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Estimation of Total Daily Energy Expenditure and Its Components by Monitoring the Heart Rate of Japanese Endurance Athletes

Motonaga

Yoshida

Yamagami

et al. 2006

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryThe estimation of total daily energy expenditure (TEE) or the energy needs of athletes is important for maintaining a proper energy balance during training. This study was conducted to measure the TEE of Japanese middle-and long-distance runners using a heart-rate monitoring method (the HR method), and to ascertain the impact of three key energy expenditure (EE) components occurring within the day; sleep, exercise (training) and inactivity (other daily habitual activities). Additionally, energy balance was evaluated by comparing TEE with energy intake (EI). The mean TEE of six male athletes aged 19-21 y was 4,514 Ϯ 739 kcal/d and their mean EI was 3,784 Ϯ 91 kcal/d during the training period of 11 d. This negative energy balance led to a significant decline in body weight ( p Ͻ 0.01), indicating that proper care should be taken to balance energy during training. The mean daily EEs during sleep, inactivity, and exercise were 536 Ϯ 46 (12.0% of TEE), 1,722 Ϯ 145 (38.7%), and 2,255 Ϯ 658 (49.3%) kcal/d, respectively. There was a significant correlation between TEE and exercise EE ( p Ͻ 0.01) in the athletes. The TEE of the endurance athletes was higher than expected and significantly affected by exercise EE, indicating that the TEE of athletes, in general, must be carefully evaluated before incorporating nutritional support for them. Key Words energy expenditure, HR method, endurance athletes, energy intake, sports nutrition Japanese athletes have recently taken active part in various competitions. Higher energy expenditure (EE) is required for athletic training and competition ( 1 ). To keep a good energy balance for achieving and maintaining adequate body weight (BW), body composition, and glycogen storage, athletes have to consume sufficient food to match their total daily energy expenditure (TEE) or energy needs ( 2 ). In this respect, both the quantity and quality of exercise training and diet are considered important for the athletes. The daily dietary needs, combined with the enhanced EE due to athletic activity, require proper energy management and balanced nutrition. For example, managing the EE during the daytime (i.e., in between training periods) is critical for maintaining balanced health. This calls for a study of not only TEE, but also the different components that make up the TEE.In Japan, there have been several studies on the TEE of athletes in major sports like soccer and baseball ( 3 -5 ). Some recent studies have compared the TEE in athletes participating in endurance sports versus resistance sports or untrained subjects ( 6 -8 ). Others have compared TEE with energy intake (EI) in athletes, demonstrating how important both the quality and quantity of their meals are for maintaining a better physical condition ( 6 , 9 -11 ). Sugiura et al. surveyed the mean daily intake of energy and nutrients of elite Japanese track-and-field athletes using a 3-d food record ( 12 ). However, they compared the nutritional intake versus the Japanese Recommended Dietary allowance (JRDA) without measuring t...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…The HR method is relatively cheap, easy and simple, as compared to the DLW method, for monitoring EEs in various situations ( 6 , 16 -20 ). Many athletes routinely use the HR monitor as a tool for their own health management and training ( 16 ). For these reasons, we employed the HR method to estimate the TEE of athletes in this study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Total Daily Energy Expenditure and Its Components by Monitoring the Heart Rate of Japanese Endurance Athletes

Motonaga

Yoshida

Yamagami

et al. 2006

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…The HRM method is based on the relationship that exists between heart rate and oxygen consumption 26 . In addition to monitoring the heart rate throughout the day, two other elements are necessary to calculate TEE: the individual calibration of each person's heart rateoxygen consumption relationship, and the measurement or reliable estimate of energy expenditure under basal or sleeping conditions.…”

Section: Studies With Hrmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy requirements of children and adolescents

Torún

2005

Public Health Nutr.

163

139

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Total energy expenditure (TEE) was calculated at 1-18 years of age from measurements with doubly labelled water (DLW) in 483 boys and 646 girls, and heart rate monitoring (HRM) 1 , ER were 18 -20% lower from 1 to 7 years of age, 12% lower for boys and 5% lower for girls at 7-10 years, and 12% higher for either gender from 12 years onwards. Differences between industrialised and developing countries, the variance in DLW and HRM studies, and the standard error of the estimate (SEE) of the quadratic predictive equations, suggested that ER should be adjusted after 5 years of age bŷ 15% in populations with more or less physical activity than an average lifestyle. Physical activity recommendations must accompany dietary recommendations in order to maintain optimal health and reduce the risk of diseases associated with sedentary lifestyles.

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“…That group evaluated the utility of predicting the oxygen cost (criterion variable) of firefighting activities from indirect physiological measurements (heart rate and minute ventilation: predictive variables). Both indirect variables are independently and strongly correlated with the criterion variable (Booyens and Hervey 1960;Durnin and Edwards 1955), but can they be used interchangeably with that variable, and will they yield similar outcomes in the field? To arrive at an acceptance threshold of relevance to occupational physiologists, Notley et al (2015) invited scientists from 8 countries to define a meaningful oxygen consumption threshold for evaluating the predictive precision of those 2 variables.…”

Section: Bland-altman Plotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards best practice in physical and physiological employment standards

Petersen

Andérson²,

Tipton

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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While the scope of the term physical employment standards is wide, the principal focus of this paper is on standards related to physiological evaluation of readiness for work. Common applications of such employment standards for work are in public safety and emergency response occupations (e.g., police, firefighting, military), and there is an ever-present need to maximize the scientific quality of this research. Historically, most of these occupations are male-dominated, which leads to potential sex bias during physical demands analysis and determining performance thresholds. It is often assumed that older workers advance to positions with lower physical demand. However, this is not always true, which raises concerns about the long-term maintenance of physiological readiness. Traditionally, little attention has been paid to the inevitable margin of uncertainty that exists around cut-scores. Establishing confidence intervals around the cut-score can reduce for this uncertainty. It may also be necessary to consider the effects of practise and biological variability on test scores. Most tests of readiness for work are conducted under near perfect conditions, while many emergency responses take place under far more demanding and unpredictable conditions. The potential impact of protective clothing, respiratory protection, load carriage, environmental conditions, nutrition, fatigue, sensory deprivation, and stress should also be considered when evaluating readiness for work. In this paper, we seek to establish uniformity in terminology in this field, identify key areas of concern, provide recommendations to improve both scientific and professional practice, and identify priorities for future research.Key words: employment standards, human rights, standard setting, cut-scores, reliability, validity.Résumé : La portée de l'expression normes physiques relatives à l'emploi étant vaste, cet article met l'accent sur les normes associées à l'évaluation physiologique de l'aptitude au travail. On utilise généralement ces normes d'emploi dans le domaine de la sécurité publique et des interventions d'urgence (p. ex. policier, pompier, militaire); ceci étant, il est toujours possible d'améliorer la qualité scientifique de ce domaine de recherche. Historiquement, la majorité de ces emplois sont occupés par des hommes, ce qui pourrait inclure un biais lié au sexe lors de l'analyse des exigences physiques et de la fixation des seuils de performance. Il semble acquis que les travailleurs plus âgés occupent au fil du temps des postes moins exigeants physiquement. Toutefois, comme ce n'est pas toujours le cas, le maintien à long terme des aptitudes au travail pourrait s'avérer problématique. Depuis longtemps, on porte peu d'attention à la marge d'incertitude concernant les seuils de coupure. L'établissement d'un intervalle de confiance au seuil de coupure pourrait combler cette incertitude. On devrait possiblement prendre en compte les effets de la pratique et de la variabilité biologique sur les résultats des tests. La plu...

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The Pulse Rate as a Means of Measuring Metabolic Rate in Man

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Estimation of Total Daily Energy Expenditure and Its Components by Monitoring the Heart Rate of Japanese Endurance Athletes

Estimation of Total Daily Energy Expenditure and Its Components by Monitoring the Heart Rate of Japanese Endurance Athletes

Energy requirements of children and adolescents

Towards best practice in physical and physiological employment standards

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