The Pulse Generator

Sanders, Richard

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-72763-9_2

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recent reports described the underlying mechanism of a hybrid supercapacitor/ microbial fuel cell (Pankratov et al 2014a;Santoro et al 2016). The integration of a BFC with a capacitor enables the hybrid device to work as a self-powered capacitor, without the requirement for external input.…”

Section: Hybrid Device Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A symmetric supercapacitor/biofuel cell hybrid device based on enzyme-modified nanoporous gold: An autonomous pulse generator

Xiao

Conghaile

Leech

et al. 2017

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Section: Hybrid Device Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cardiac pacemaker possesses dual-function of sensing and pacing the heart (Sanders 2008). To be able to pace the heart, an electric stimulus generated by the pulse generator with a fixed pulse potential and width (i.e.…”

Section: A Proof-of-concept Pulse Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

A symmetric supercapacitor/biofuel cell hybrid device based on enzyme-modified nanoporous gold: An autonomous pulse generator

Xiao

Conghaile

Leech

et al. 2017

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Section: Parms Topologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AV node is the electrical connecting point from the atria to the ventricles, which continues excitation beyond a partial or total heart block. Modern pacemakers can also store diagnostic data [33]. The pacemaker consists of a cardiac pulse generator, which is a device with a power source and electronic circuitry that produces the excitatory signal.…”

Section: Parms Topologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pulse generator contains a power source "battery" to power it. It also contains a programmable segment to evaluate the heart function and send the appropriate electric impulse signal from the pulse generator to the heart [33]. Other components of the pacemaker are the leads which conduct electrical signals from the pulse generator to the tissue and, in some pacemakers, also conduct signals from the tissue to the pulse generator.…”

Section: Parms Topologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attack Graph Modeling for Implantable Pacemaker

2020

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Remote health monitoring systems are used to audit implantable medical devices or patients’ health in a non-clinical setting. These systems are prone to cyberattacks exploiting their critical vulnerabilities. Thus, threatening patients’ health and confidentiality. In this paper, a pacemaker automatic remote monitoring system (PARMS) is modeled using architecture analysis and design language (AADL), formally characterized, and checked using the JKind model checker tool. The generated attack graph is visualized using the Graphviz tool, and classifies security breaches through the violation of the security features of significance. The developed attack graph showed the essentiality of setting up appropriate security measures in PARMS.

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A Ceramic‐Electrolyte Glucose Fuel Cell for Implantable Electronics

et al. 2022

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Next‐generation implantable devices such as sensors, drug‐delivery systems, and electroceuticals require efficient, reliable, and highly miniaturized power sources. Existing power sources such as the Li–I2 pacemaker battery exhibit limited scale‐down potential without sacrificing capacity, and therefore, alternatives are needed to power miniaturized implants. This work shows that ceramic electrolytes can be used in potentially implantable glucose fuel cells with unprecedented miniaturization. Specifically, a ceramic glucose fuel cell—based on the proton‐conducting electrolyte ceria—that is composed of a freestanding membrane of thickness below 400 nm and fully integrated into silicon for easy integration into bioelectronics is demonstrated. In contrast to polymeric membranes, all materials used are highly temperature stable, making thermal sterilization for implantation trivial. A peak power density of 43 µW cm−2, and an unusually high statistical verification of successful fabrication and electrochemical function across 150 devices for open‐circuit voltage and 12 devices for power density, enabled by a specifically designed testing apparatus and protocol, is demonstrated. The findings demonstrate that ceramic‐based micro‐glucose‐fuel‐cells constitute the smallest potentially implantable power sources to date and are viable options to power the next generation of highly miniaturized implantable medical devices.

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The Pulse Generator

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

A symmetric supercapacitor/biofuel cell hybrid device based on enzyme-modified nanoporous gold: An autonomous pulse generator

A symmetric supercapacitor/biofuel cell hybrid device based on enzyme-modified nanoporous gold: An autonomous pulse generator

Attack Graph Modeling for Implantable Pacemaker

A Ceramic‐Electrolyte Glucose Fuel Cell for Implantable Electronics

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