The pterion in the Australian aborigine

Murphy, Thomas R.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330140218

Cited by 69 publications

(102 citation statements)

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“…The morphological variability of pterion has been documented in various populations (Murphy;Ahuja et al;Agarwal et al;Matsumura et al;Lee et al 2001;Saxena et al;Ersoy et al;Oguz et al;Mwachaka et al;Zalawadia et al;Natekar et al;Seema & Mahajan;Eboh & Obaroefe). Basically, the patterns of pterion have been classified into 4 types: spheno-parietal, fronto-temporal, stellate, and epipteric types (Seema & Mahajan).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the types and positions of the ptrion have been well reported to be varying in different races (Morales et al, 2011). Previously, the patterns of pterion have been documented in various populations including Australian Aborigines (Murphy, 1956), Indians (Ahuja et al, 1971;Saxena et al, 2003;Natekar et al, 2010), North Indians (Agarwal et al, 1980;Seema & Mahajan, 2014), Japanese (Matsumura et al, 1991), Turks (Ersoy et al, 2003), Turkish (Oguz et al, 2004), Kenyas (Mwachaka et al, 2009), Gujurat (Zalawadia et al, 2010, Koreans (Lee et al, 2001), and Nigerians (Eboh and Obaroefe, 2014;Asala and Mbajiorgu, 1996). Although an incidence about skull morphology like the metopism, a rare variant suture persistence, in Northeastern Thais has been previously documented (Khamanarong et al, 2015), there is no later report about classification of pterion formation in our population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classification and Incidence of Pterion Patterns of Thai Skulls

Chaijaroonkhanarak¹,

Woraputtaporn²,

Prachaney³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Morphol.

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Morphol., 35(4):1239Morphol., 35(4): -1242Morphol., 35(4): , 2017. SUMMARY:The pterion, a landmark for neurosurgery, is the weakest part of the skull owing to relatively thin bone. Variant patterns of pterion can confuse the clinicians during diagnosis of the lateral skull fractures in emergency situations. Thedifferent pterion types of many races have been reported but not of Thais. In this study; therefore, we investigated the incidence of sutural pterion patterns on of Thai skulls. The infratemporal fossa of 110 sides from 55 dried skulls identified as Thais were observed and classified for individual pterion types. The results showed that the pterion patterns can be classified into 4 types; spheno-parietal (87.27 %), fronto-temporal (4.55 %), uni-epipteric (6.36 %), and multi-epipteric (1.82 %) types. It was found that the spheno-parietal type was dominant in males (61.81 %) than in females (25.45 %). The majority of the skulls showed bilateral symmetry (85.45 %) in all types and the unilateral ones were far less (14.55 %). In bilateral pterion incidence, the spheno-parietal type was approximately 93.61 % while the uni-epipteric type was not found. Moreover, the bilateral multi-epipteric type was found only in one female skull (2.13 %). These findings will be useful for the radiologists and the neurosurgeons concerning lateral skull fractures in emergency diagnosis KEY WORDS: Pterion; Spheno-parietal type; Fronto-temporal type; Uni-epipteric type; Multi-epipteric type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and Incidence of Pterion Patterns of Thai Skulls

Chaijaroonkhanarak¹,

Woraputtaporn²,

Prachaney³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Morphol.

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“…This interaction of underlying duramater with the developing calvarial bones has been demonstrated experimentally in rabbit showing that the dura not only promotes the position and maintenance of sutures, but also duramater can re-pattern both the appearance and position of the bones and sutures of the cranial vault after removal of calvaria in the neonate Opperman et al (1993). Other authors believe that sutural bones develop from normal processes and are genetically determined Murphy (1956), Pal & Routal (1986). The MSX2 gene, which encodes a home domain, transcription factor plays a crucial role in craniofacial morphogenesis by influencing fusion of sutures (Liu et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 87%

Incidence of Sutural Bones at Asterion in Adults Indians Skulls

Singh

2012

Int. J. Morphol.

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Incidencia de Huesos Suturales en el Asterion de Cráneos Indios AdultosRajani SUMMARY:Asterion is the point of sutural confluence observed in normal lateralis of the skull where parietal, temporal and occipital bone meet. Present study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, CSM Medical University, Lucknow using fifty five dry human skulls to analyse the incidence of sutural bones at the asterion and its variation. At the asterion, sutural morphology was classified into two types: Type I-Where a sutural bone was present and Type II-Where a sutural bone was absent. Among 27 female skulls, percentage of Type I Asterion was found to be 14.81 and Type II contributed to 85.19%. 17.86 % asterion were classified as Type I and 82.14% as Type II in male skulls. The examination of 55 skulls (male and female together) brought out 16.36% Type I and 83.64% Type II asterions. Sutural morphology of asterion is essential in surgical approaches to posterior cranial fossa. Presence of sutural bones at asterion may complicate the surgical orientation. Therefore, the study has been carried out to alert the neurosurgeons. This work may also be useful to anthropologists and forensic science experts in having preliminary idea about male or female skull.KEY WORDS: Asterion; Sutural bones; Skull; Parietal; Occipital. INTRODUCTIONAsterion is the junction of the parietal, temporal and occipital bones Williams et al. (1998). Occurrence of sutural bone at this craniometric point has been reported to vary among populations (Berry & Berry, 1967;Kellock & Parsons, 1970). At the asterion, sutural morphology was classified into two types: Type I-Where a sutural bone was present and Type II-where a sutural bone was absent.Formation of sutural bone can be explained embryologically: According to Gray's Anatomy (Standring, 2005), sutural bone develops due to appearance of additional ossification centers which may occur in or near sutures. Another view expressed by some authors these bones may be result of pathological influences such as hydrocephalus (Hess, 1946;Finkel, 1971). As per another opinion, there is a close association between developing duramater and calvarial bones. Transplants of sutures in which fetal duramater is left intact, results in continuous fibrous suture between developing vault bones. But in transplants if the fetal dura is removed, bony fusion occurs. This interaction of underlying duramater with the developing calvarial bones has been demonstrated experimentally in rabbit showing that the dura not only promotes the position and maintenance of sutures, but also duramater can re-pattern both the appearance and position of the bones and sutures of the cranial vault after removal of calvaria in the neonate Opperman et al. (1993). Other authors believe that sutural bones develop from normal processes and are genetically determined Murphy (1956), Pal & Routal (1986). The MSX2 gene, which encodes a home domain, transcription factor plays a crucial role in craniofacial morphogenesis by influencing fusion of sutures (Liu et al...

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“…These descriptive statistics reveal interspecific and sex differences suggesting that genetic variation underlies, at least in part, pterion sutural pattern variation. However, considerations of familial inheritance that contribute to this variation have generally not been addressed beyond noting that the observed variation is likely a result of a combination of environmental and genetic factors (Murphy, 1956). Aiello and Dean (1990) concluded that little phylogenetic significance could be attached to variation in the region of the pterion as several sutural patterns occur in all extant hominoids, and Asala and Mbajiorgu (1996) concluded simply that these variations are ''epigenetic.''…”

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Inheritance of sutural pattern at the pterion in rhesus monkey skulls

et al. 2006

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Five of the bones that characteristically comprise the cranial vault articulate on the lateral aspect of the skull at or near the cephalometric landmark referred to as the pterion. The pattern of articulation in the sutures associated with these bones varies among and within primate species and has been used as a criterion for classification in taxonomic studies, as well as in archeological and forensic studies. Within species, the sutural patterns found within the region of the pterion have remarkable consistency, which lead to the hypothesis that these patterns have a genetic basis. Sutural pattern variations were investigated at the pterion in 422 skulls from 66 rhesus monkey families with known genealogies from the long-standing colony on Cayo Santiago. Four specific types of articulation patterns were recorded. The results demonstrated that the most common suture pattern at the pterion of Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys (86%; similar to that seen in some other anthropoid species but not humans and some apes) was characterized by an articulation between the temporal bone and parietal bone. Articulation between the sphenoid and parietal bones (type SP) accounted for 14% of the specimens and was concentrated in a dozen families. Mothers with the SP phenotype had a high incidence of offspring with SP phenotypes. Most non-SP mothers having SP offspring had siblings or family members from previous generations with the SP type. This is the first study to examine variation in sutural patterns at the pterion in pedigrees. Variation of sutural patterns shows familial aggregation, suggesting that this variation is heritable. Future work will be focused on defining the inheritance patterns of variation at the pterion, with the ultimate objective of identifying the specific genes involved and their mechanism of action.

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The pterion in the Australian aborigine

Cited by 69 publications

References 5 publications

Classification and Incidence of Pterion Patterns of Thai Skulls

Classification and Incidence of Pterion Patterns of Thai Skulls

Incidence of Sutural Bones at Asterion in Adults Indians Skulls

Inheritance of sutural pattern at the pterion in rhesus monkey skulls

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