The Psychophysiology of Social Action: Facial Electromyographic Responses to Stigmatized Groups Predict Antidiscrimination Action

Stewart, Tracie L.; Amoss, R. Toby; Weiner, Brittany A.; Elliott, Lisa A.; Parrott, Dominic J.; Peacock, Chloe M.; Vanman, Eric J.

doi:10.1080/01973533.2013.823618

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Social psychological research has found that implicit stereotypes—spontaneous, awareness‐independent associations between social groups and certain traits (Hahn & Goedderz, 2020)—can predict an array of tangible critical outcomes, ranging from inequity in employers' decisions about employee raises and promotions to the potentially tragic consequences of police officers' split‐second “shoot‐don't shoot” judgments (Greenwald et al, 2015; Kahn & Davies, 2011; Latu et al, 2015; Spencer et al, 2016; Streeter, 2019). These spontaneous biases can also impact majority group members' likelihood of engaging in antidiscrimination and antiviolence activism (Stewart et al, 2013). Thus, it is not surprising that a goal of many intergroup relations researchers and practitioners is to identify effective and long‐lasting strategies to combat implicit biases in intergroup judgments and interactions (Kawakami et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit bias reduction that lasts: Putting Situational Attribution Training to the test

Stewart

Latu

Martin

et al. 2022

J Applied Social Pyschol

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Addressing the damaging effects of implicit stereotypes-spontaneous, awarenessindependent associations between social groups and particular traits-remains a social imperative. These biases have been linked to negative outcomes in settings ranging from the workplace to medical care facilities. However, many techniques found to reduce implicit biases have been shown to yield short-lived effects. In the present experiment, we assessed the longevity of reduced implicit racial stereotyping resulting from an intensive training technique that focuses on weakening the fundamental attributional processes underlying implicit stereotyping. Specifically, we aimed to strengthen the likelihood of White participants to consider situational attributions for behaviors performed by Black men that might otherwise have been judged to reflect negative African American stereotypes. White participants were randomly assigned to complete either Situational Attribution Training (SAT), a technique comprised of intensive training (480 trials) to "consider the situation" when making judgments about stereotype-consistent behaviors performed by Black men, or a control task. Implicit stereotyping was assessed 24h later via the Person Categorization Task and found to be reduced for SAT, versus control, participants even after this delay. Implications for future antibias research and practice are considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit bias reduction that lasts: Putting Situational Attribution Training to the test

Stewart

Latu

Martin

et al. 2022

J Applied Social Pyschol

Self Cite

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“…However, when experimentally induced to justify hostility toward these outgroups, participants' self-reported attitudes aligned with the negative fEMG activity. Similarly, Stewart et al (2003) found no correlation between fEMG activity in response to interactions involving gay men and participants' self-reported attitudes toward gay men. Interestingly, corrugator activity (measuring disgust) predicted antidiscrimination behaviors, whereas self-reported attitudes did not.…”

Section: What Is Femg?mentioning

confidence: 80%

Establishing the validity and robustness of facial electromyography measures for political science

Schumacher,

Homan,

Rebasso

et al. 2024

Polit. life sci.

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Opinion formation and information processing are affected by unconscious affective responses to stimuli—particularly in politics. Yet we still know relatively little about such affective responses and how to measure them. In this study, we focus on emotional valence and examine facial electromyography (fEMG) measures. We demonstrate the validity of these measures, discuss ways to make measurement and analysis more robust, and consider validity trade-offs in experimental design. In doing so, we hope to support scholars in designing studies that will advance scholarship on political attitudes and behavior by incorporating unconscious affective responses to political stimuli—responses that have too often been neglected by political scientists.

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“…In another study, Stewart et al (2003) examined prejudice towards stigmatized groups, and found no correlation between fEMG activity in response to watching interactions of gay men and self-reported attitudes towards gay men.…”

Section: Alignment Between Self-reports and Unconscious Measuresmentioning

confidence: 96%

Using measures of psychophysiological and neural activity to advance understanding of psychological processes in politics

Bakker¹,

Schumacher²

2023

Preprint

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Innovation implies successful introduction. Measures of psychophysiological and neural activity have been introduced to political science but the fact they are still rarely used, particularly in mainstream political science, indicates that this introduction has not been successful. Instead, the status quo in political science is to rely on self-reported measures of feelings, beliefs, and opinions. A recent review of research on ``emotion and politics'' in the Annual Review of Political Science underlines this point as it contains very few references to work using measures of psychophysiological and neural activity. We identify three problems with this status quo. First, unconscious (or preconscious) affective processes cannot be measured with self-reports because we are mostly unaware of these processes. Second, the complex interplay between affective and cognitive processes at the neural level cannot be characterized by relying on typical (survey) experimental outcome measures. Third, on socially sensitive topics, people may be motivated to self-report in socially desirable ways. As such, self-reports may even be misleading. In sum, political psychology largely concentrates on more conscious reflections at the expense of potentially relevant preconscious or unconscious explanations or mechanisms. The goal of this chapter is to inspire the next generation of political psychology research to move beyond self-reports and adopt theories and methods that help us to better characterize the affective-cognitive processes of political decision-making. To this end we provide an overview of work using psychophysiological measures (skin conductance, heart rate variability, and facial electromyography (fEMG)), eye-tracking, and neuroimaging measures (electroencephalography (EEG), functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging).

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The Psychophysiology of Social Action: Facial Electromyographic Responses to Stigmatized Groups Predict Antidiscrimination Action

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Implicit bias reduction that lasts: Putting Situational Attribution Training to the test

Implicit bias reduction that lasts: Putting Situational Attribution Training to the test

Establishing the validity and robustness of facial electromyography measures for political science

Using measures of psychophysiological and neural activity to advance understanding of psychological processes in politics

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