The psychopharmacology of catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, and dystonia

Sienaert, Pascal; Harten, Peter van; Rhebergen, Didi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64012-3.00025-3

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…(13,49) With regard to antipsychotic treatment, its use should be carefully considered. ( 72) Some authors recommend avoiding antipsychotics altogether in catatonic patients, due to the risk of worsening the condition or even inducing malignant catatonia; (57,73,74)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to antipsychotic treatment, its use should be carefully considered [ 71 ]. Some authors recommend avoiding antipsychotics altogether in catatonic patients, due to the risk of worsening the condition or even inducing malignant catatonia [ 57 , 72 , 73 ]; however, this unfavorable effect is especially associated with the use of first-generation antipsychotics [ 74 ]. Nevertheless, low doses of atypical antipsychotics are known to have weak γ-aminobutyric acid agonist activity and serotonin antagonism, that could stimulate dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex and thus alleviate catatonic symptoms [ 75 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catatonia in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catatonia in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Second- generation antipsychotics block 5HT2A and D2 receptors, which may in turn increase relative dopamine activity in the mesocortical pathway. It is proposed that they may work in catatonia through the treatment of the underlying condition (Sienaert et al, 2019 ). Even though second-generation antipsychotics might show beneficial effects in catatonia with underlying psychiatric illness, they should be used with caution due to possibility of NMS and other motor side effects.…”

Section: Revisiting Current Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to catatonia: an integrative approach from clinical and preclinical evidence

Ariza-Salamanca

Corrales-Hernández

Pachón-Londoño

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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This review aims to describe the clinical spectrum of catatonia, in order to carefully assess the involvement of astrocytes, neurons, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, and articulate the available preclinical and clinical evidence to achieve a translational understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this disorder. Catatonia is highly common in psychiatric and acutely ill patients, with prevalence ranging from 7.6% to 38%. It is usually present in different psychiatric conditions such as mood and psychotic disorders; it is also a consequence of folate deficiency, autoimmunity, paraneoplastic disorders, and even autistic spectrum disorders. Few therapeutic options are available due to its complexity and poorly understood physiopathology. We briefly revisit the traditional treatments used in catatonia, such as antipsychotics, electroconvulsive therapy, and benzodiazepines, before assessing novel therapeutics which aim to modulate molecular pathways through different mechanisms, including NMDA antagonism and its allosteric modulation, and anti-inflammatory drugs to modulate microglia reaction and mitigate oxidative stress, such as lithium, vitamin B12, and NMDAr positive allosteric modulators.

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“…Во-вторых, применение антипсихотиков второго (АВП) и третьего поколения (АТП) сопряжено со значительно меньшей вероятностью развития ЗНС (для некоторых из них, например луразидона, карипразина, таких случаев пока вообще не зарегистрировано). В-третьих, в терапии «хронической» кататонии, дебютирующей в структуре РШС, в отличие от производных бензодиазепина эффективны АВП, особенно с высоким уровнем блокады D2-рецепторов (клозапин, кветиапин и оланзапин) [73,74]. Эти антипсихотики являются, по сути, препаратами выбора при наличии противопоказаний к проведению ЭСТ [75].…”

Section: нейролептические препараты (антипсихотики)unclassified

Therapy of Catatonia in Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Ivanov

Borisova

et al. 2022

Psychiatry

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Background: the study of catatonia’s treatment methods is one of the most important researchers’ tasks, nevertheless the common therapeutic strategies of cupping the catatonic phenomena haven’t been created yet. The aim: review to therapeutic interventions for catatonic disorders in schizophrenia.Materials and methods: according to the keywords “catatonia treatment”, “catatonia therapy”, publications found in the Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLibrary databases were selected and analyzed.Results: historical background, illustrating the development of catatonia treatment methods, is given; the results of the last decades scientific studies of catatonia’s treatment and preliminary results of own study, devoted to the effectiveness of diazepam and cariprazine in relieving catatonia manifestations are presented. Based on the studies’ results, presented in the review, it can be concluded that the most common modern method of treating catatonic disorders is the use of benzodiazepines, however, in some cases, the use of antipsychotics is also advisable. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains an important treatment for catatonic phenomena. There are also isolated clinical cases of successful testing of both: other pharmacological groups (antidepressants, dopaminergic and anticholinergic drugs, normothymic drugs, etc.) and non-drug interventions (transcranial magnetic stimulation — TMS) presented in modern research data.Conclusion: the effectiveness of benzodiazepines in catatonia, associated with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), remains controversial according to modern authors’ opinion. In turn, among antipsychotics, antipsychotics of the second and third generation seem to be safe for the treatment of psychomotor symptoms. In accordance with the results of our own study, catatonia in the structure of schizophrenia and SSD is heterogeneous and, depending on the psychopathological structure of catatonic disorders, a different reaction of psychomotor symptoms to therapeutic intervention was observed.

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The psychopharmacology of catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, and dystonia

Cited by 24 publications

References 131 publications

Catatonia in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Catatonia in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to catatonia: an integrative approach from clinical and preclinical evidence

Therapy of Catatonia in Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

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