The Psychology of Residential Mobility: Implications for the Self, Social Relationships, and Well-Being

Oishi, Shigehiro

doi:10.1177/1745691609356781

Cited by 392 publications

(409 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with sociological research that has found that blue-collar workers typically experience more constraint and less discretion in their work environments compared with white-collar workers (21). Tightness was also negatively associated with residential mobility, or the extent to which individuals are transient and, consequently, have weaker social ties and more freedom from social constraints (22) [r (50) = −0.44, P < 0.01]. Finally, tightness was positively related to conservative political orientation [r (50) = 0.72, P < 0.001] and was positively related to the percentage of individuals voting for Republican candidate Mitt Romney in the 2012 Presidential Election [r (50) = 0.64, P < 0.001].…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Tightness–looseness across the 50 united states

Harrington

Gelfand

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

477

586

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This research demonstrates wide variation in tightness-looseness (the strength of punishment and degree of latitude/permissiveness) at the state level in the United States, as well as its association with a variety of ecological and historical factors, psychological characteristics, and state-level outcomes. Consistent with theory and past research, ecological and man-made threats-such as a higher incidence of natural disasters, greater disease prevalence, fewer natural resources, and greater degree of external threat-predicted increased tightness at the state level. Tightness is also associated with higher trait conscientiousness and lower trait openness, as well as a wide array of outcomes at the state level. Compared with loose states, tight states have higher levels of social stability, including lowered drug and alcohol use, lower rates of homelessness, and lower social disorganization. However, tight states also have higher incarceration rates, greater discrimination and inequality, lower creativity, and lower happiness relative to loose states. In all, tightness-looseness provides a parsimonious explanation of the wide variation we see across the 50 states of the United States of America.culture | norms | ecology | index

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Tightness–looseness across the 50 united states

Harrington

Gelfand

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

477

586

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“…Roughly half of the American population changed their residence between 1995 and 2000 (Schmitt, 2001), and an estimated 40-50 million Americans move each year (Florida, 2008). Understanding how people make these residential migration decisions is complex (Greenwood, 1985;Oishi, 2010). Employment, family, finances, personality, and temperament all influence migration (Jokela, 2009;Jokela, Elovainio, Kivimaki, & Keltikangas-Jarvinen, 2008;Winstanley, Thorns, & Perkins, 2002).…”

Section: Intuitions Steer Selective Migration Into Ideological Enclavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As societies have become more mobile, people have greater flexibility to choose different environments (Oishi, 2010). People seem to choose communities, in part, based on how similar they perceive the values of those communities to be to their own personal moral values (Bishop & Cushing, 2008;MacDonald, 2011;Motyl, 2014;Motyl et al, 2014).…”

Section: Comparing and Contrasting Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liberals and conservatives are (geographically) dividing

Motyl¹

2017

Preprint

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Liberals and conservatives are (geographically) dividingConservatives may not be from Mars and liberals may not be from Venus, but they are dividing into Red and Blue worlds. And this is increasingly so in recent decades. Despite the fact that most national elections are relatively close, where the winner prevails by a couple of percentage points, the United States of America is becoming increasingly the (not so) United Red and Blue States of America. This is most pronounced in smaller, more localized geographic units like neighborhoods and census tracts, where one party wins elections in a landslide and residents rarely communicate with people who hold differing political values (Bishop, 2009;Mutz, 2006). Blue communities are home to disproportionately many Democrats and Red communities are home to disproportionately many Republicans, and both these communities and the residents of these communities differ in many ways beyond simple partisan identification. For example, residents of blue communities are more likely to identify as "spiritual, but not religious," while residents of red communities are much more likely to identify as religious (Abramowitz, 2012). Similarly, 50% of residents in Red America own guns, but only 19% of residents in Blue America own guns. Moreover, recent survey data suggests that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals report feeling stigmatized and they do not belong in red states where the majority of the population has supported banning same-sex marriage and forbidding non-heterosexuals from teaching in public schools (Lick, Tornello, Riskind, Schmidt, & Patterson, 2012). This sense of not belonging triggers selective migration to places where people feel that they are accepted and that they do belong (Motyl, 2014;Motyl et al., 2014). Some evidence even suggests that LGBT individuals may be fleeing red communities and heading for greener (or, more rainbow-patterned) pastures Smart & Klein, 2013). With LGBT individuals emigrating from red communities, there are fewer opportunities for people in red communities to befriend LGBT individuals. These are just a few instances of a broader phenomenon of ideological migration that has resulted in the growing segregation of Red America and Blue America.In this chapter, I propose Ideological Enclavement Theory to explain how Red and Blue America emerged and what the consequences of living in these ideologically-segregated enclaves are. This theory identifies two primary antecedent causes. First, people have gut-level intuitions about the ideology of different enclaves, and when the ideology of a community matches people's personal ideology, people infer that they would fit in that community. Second, when people have the opportunity to do so, they will selectively migrate into enclaves that share their ideology. This ideological migration process operates to satisfy basic psychological needs, like the need to belong and a sense of physical security, and to pursue higher-level psychological goals, like self-transcendence. Thes...

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“…Collectivistic societies tend to have low mobility (e.g. relationship, job and residential mobility) and thus it is very difficult to 'exit' the group and enter into other groups [26][27][28][29][30]. The lack of mobility and ability to exit the group has a number of important psychological implications.…”

Section: Culture and The Contagion Of Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cultural contagion of conflict

Gelfand

Shteynberg

Lee

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Anecdotal evidence abounds that conflicts between two individuals can spread across networks to involve a multitude of others. We advance a cultural transmission model of intergroup conflict where conflict contagion is seen as a consequence of universal human traits (ingroup preference, outgroup hostility; i.e. parochial altruism) which give their strongest expression in particular cultural contexts. Qualitative interviews conducted in the Middle East, USA and Canada suggest that parochial altruism processes vary across cultural groups and are most likely to occur in collectivistic cultural contexts that have high ingroup loyalty. Implications for future neuroscience and computational research needed to understand the emergence of intergroup conflict are discussed.

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The Psychology of Residential Mobility: Implications for the Self, Social Relationships, and Well-Being

Cited by 392 publications

References 72 publications

Tightness–looseness across the 50 united states

Tightness–looseness across the 50 united states

Liberals and conservatives are (geographically) dividing

The cultural contagion of conflict

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