The psychological factors mediating/moderating the association between body‐image disturbance and depression: A systematic review

Abstract

Available evidence demonstrates that individuals with body‐image disturbance (BID) are prone to suffer from depression. This systematic review provides, to our knowledge, the first synthesis of the psychological mechanism of the association between BID and depression. We conducted a thorough search of online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, for articles published up until February 2024. The final analysis comprised a total of 23 studies that focused on the mediating or moderating effects of psychological factors between depression and BID. This review identifies self‐esteem and social support as both mediators and moderators of the relationship between BID and depression, while perceived stress acted only as a mediator. High self‐esteem and strong social support as well as low levels of perceived stress may help individuals experience lower levels of BID, thereby contributing to a decreased likelihood of depression. Interventions aimed at increasing self‐esteem, developing strong support, and decreasing perceived stress may hold promise to reduce the risk of depression in those with BID.