The psychoactive pollutant fluoxetine compromises antipredator behaviour in fish

Martin, Jake M.; Saaristo, Minna; Bertram, Michael G.; Lewis, Phoebe J.; Coggan, Timothy L.; Clarke, Bradley O.; Wong, Bob B. M.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.010

Cited by 109 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Indeed, several studies have found that guppies (Poecilia reticulata) exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of uoxetine show delayed escape responses to a predator, froze for longer and spent more time under cover. [99][100][101] Similarly, Brodin and colleagues 102 found that European perch (Perca uviatilis) exposed to the psychoactive pharmaceutical oxazepam were more active and bold in a novel environment, potentially increasing their susceptibility to predation. Interestingly, using a multi-stressor approach, Saaristo and colleagues 6 found the initial movements of European perch to be signicantly affected, and sh became bolder (i.e.…”

Section: Relevance Of Behavioural Endpoints For Population Level Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Emerging investigator series: use of behavioural endpoints in the regulation of chemicals

Ågerstrand

Arnold

Balshine

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Section: Relevance Of Behavioural Endpoints For Population Level Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Emerging investigator series: use of behavioural endpoints in the regulation of chemicals

Ågerstrand

Arnold

Balshine

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…Thus, they have great potential to impact foraging and anti-predator responses of wild animals (e.g. [41][42][43][44]). Indeed, recent studies have shown that exposure of fish to environmentally relevant concentrations of the antidepressant fluoxetine can extend the duration of 'freezing' behaviour [44] after predatory attack and increase activity levels regardless of the presence of a predator [43].…”

Section: (A) Direct Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[41][42][43][44]). Indeed, recent studies have shown that exposure of fish to environmentally relevant concentrations of the antidepressant fluoxetine can extend the duration of 'freezing' behaviour [44] after predatory attack and increase activity levels regardless of the presence of a predator [43]. Because natural selection favours individuals that can quickly and accurately detect and assess risk, any disruption of this fine-tuned system is likely to have important implications for individual fitness [45] (see electronic supplementary material for more on predator-prey effects).…”

Section: (A) Direct Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and indirect effects of chemical contaminants on the behaviour, ecology and evolution of wildlife

et al. 2018

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Chemical contaminants (e.g. metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals) are changing ecosystems via effects on wildlife. Indeed, recent work explicitly performed under environmentally realistic conditions reveals that chemical contaminants can have both direct and indirect effects at multiple levels of organization by influencing animal behaviour. Altered behaviour reflects multiple physiological changes and links individual- to population-level processes, thereby representing a sensitive tool for holistically assessing impacts of environmentally relevant contaminant concentrations. Here, we show that even if direct effects of contaminants on behavioural responses are reasonably well documented, there are significant knowledge gaps in understanding both the plasticity (i.e. individual variation) and evolution of contaminant-induced behavioural changes. We explore implications of multi-level processes by developing a conceptual framework that integrates direct and indirect effects on behaviour under environmentally realistic contexts. Our framework illustrates how sublethal behavioural effects of contaminants can be both negative and positive, varying dynamically within the same individuals and populations. This is because linkages within communities will act indirectly to alter and even magnify contaminant-induced effects. Given the increasing pressure on wildlife and ecosystems from chemical pollution, we argue there is a need to incorporate existing knowledge in ecology and evolution to improve ecological hazard and risk assessments.

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“…With regard to the critical effect concentrations (CEC) published by Fick et al (2010), it can be seen that citalopram has a very low CEC of 141 ng/L compared to other antidepressants like fluoxetine (CEC: 489 ng/L) or venlafaxine (CEC: 6112 ng/L). Despite the fact that citalopram is one of the most commonly prescribed antidepressants and is frequently detected in surface waters, most studies on the effects of SSRIs in fish were performed with other pharmaceuticals like fluoxetine (Airhart et al, 2007;Foran et al, 2004;Henry & Black, 2008;Martin et al, 2017); as a result, there is a deficit in knowledge concerning the effects of citalopram in fish. At present, the impact of citalopram on fish have been mixed: Kellner et al (2016) showed reduction in anxiety related behaviour indicated by an increase in the swimming activity in three-spined sticklebacks and a longer time spent in the upper part of the aquaria, caused by exposure to 1.5 µg/L citalopram for 21 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the antidepressant citalopram on the behaviour of two different life stages of brown trout

Knoll

Köhler

Tisler

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Over the last two decades, there has been a constant increase in prescription rates of antidepressants. In parallel, neuroactive pharmaceuticals are making their way into aquatic environments at increasing concentrations. Among the antidepressants detected in the environment citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is one of the most commonly found. Given citalopram is specifically designed to alter mood and behaviour in humans, there is growing concern it can adversely affect the behaviour on non-target wildlife Methods In our study, brown trout were exposed to citalopram (nominal concentrations: 1, 10, 100, 1000 µg/L) in two different life stages. Larvae were exposed at 7 and 11 °C from the eyed ova stage until 8 weeks post yolk sac consumption, and juvenile brown trout were exposed for 4 weeks at 7 °C. At both stages we measured mortality, weight, length, tissue citalopram concentration, behaviour during exposure and behaviour in a stressfull environment. For brown trout larvae additionally hatching rate and heart rate, and for juvenile brown trout the tissue cortisol concentration were assessed. Results During the exposure, both larvae and juvenile fish exposed to the highest test concentration of citalopram (1 mg/L) had higher swimming activity and spent longer in the upper part of the aquaria compared to control fish, which is an indicator for decreased anxiety. Most probably due to the higher swimming activity during the exposure, the juveniles and larvae exposed to 1 mg/L citalopram showed decreased weight and length. Additionally, in a stressful artificial swimming measurement device, brown trout larvae displayed the anxiolytic effect of the antidepressant by reduced swimming activity during this stress situation, already at concentrations of 100 µg/L citalopram. Chemical analysis of the tissue revealed rising citalopram tissue concentrations with rising exposure concentrations. Tissue concentrations were 10 times higher in juvenile fish compared to brown trout larvae. Fish plasma concentrations were calculated, which exceeded human therapeutic levels for the highest exposure concentration, matching the behavioural results. Developmental parameters like hatching rate and heart rate, as well as mortality and tissue cortisol content were unaffected by the antidepressant. Overall, we could trace the pharmacological mode of action of the antidepressant citalopram in the non-target organism brown trout in two different life stages.

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The psychoactive pollutant fluoxetine compromises antipredator behaviour in fish

Cited by 109 publications

References 64 publications

Emerging investigator series: use of behavioural endpoints in the regulation of chemicals

Emerging investigator series: use of behavioural endpoints in the regulation of chemicals

Direct and indirect effects of chemical contaminants on the behaviour, ecology and evolution of wildlife

Impact of the antidepressant citalopram on the behaviour of two different life stages of brown trout

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