The psychiatric sequelae of the COVID‐19 pandemic in adolescents, adults, and health care workers

Murata, Stephen; Rezeppa, Taylor L.; Thoma, Brian C.; Marengo, Laura; Krancevich, Katie; Chiyka, Elizabeth A.; Hayes, Benjamin; Goodfriend, Eli; Deal, Meredith; Zhong, Yongqi; Brummit, Bradley; Coury, Tiffany; Riston, Sarah; Brent, David A.; Melhem, Nadine M.

doi:10.1002/da.23120

Cited by 190 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, the effect of the pandemic on mental health and substance use is likely to be more pronounced among other subgroups, such as youth living in poverty or with preexisting mental health conditions. With research rapidly emerging on these important issues, 2,3,6,29 more targeted interventions can be developed to mitigate the negative impact of the pandemic on adolescent mental health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions implemented to prevent and contain its transmission have caused widespread disruptions in the lives of adolescents and their families. 1 Initial findings on adolescent mental health during COVID-19 indicate cause for concern, with study findings suggesting an increase in depressive symptoms [2][3][4][5][6] (particularly in adolescent girls 2,[7][8][9] ) and alcohol consumption. 10 However, the rapidly accumulating evidence on the effect of COVID-19 on adolescent mental health has been limited by use of convenience samples and inadequate baseline measures to accurately capture the pandemic's unfolding impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depressive symptoms, mental wellbeing, and substance use among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland: a longitudinal, population-based study

Þórisdóttir

Ásgeirsdóttir

Kristjánsson

et al. 2021

The Lancet Psychiatry

226

202

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Background Adolescence represents a crucial developmental period in shaping mental health trajectories. In this study, we investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and substance use during this sensitive developmental stage. MethodsIn this longitudinal, population-based study, surveys were administered to a nationwide sample of 13-18-yearolds in Iceland in October or February in 2016 and 2018, and in October, 2020 (during the COVID-19 pandemic). The surveys assessed depressive symptoms with the Symptom Checklist-90, mental wellbeing with the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, and the frequency of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and alcohol intoxication. Demographic data were collected, which included language spoken at home although not ethnicity data. We used mixed effects models to study the effect of gender, age, and survey year on trends in mental health outcomes. Findings 59 701 survey responses were included; response rates ranged from 63% to 86%. An increase in depressive symptoms (β 0•57, 95% CI 0•53 to 0•60) and worsened mental wellbeing (β -0•46, 95% CI -0•49 to -0•42) were observed across all age groups during the pandemic compared with same-aged peers before COVID-19. These outcomes were significantly worse in adolescent girls compared with boys (β 4•16, 95% CI 4•05 to 4•28, and β -1•13, 95% CI -1•23 to -1•03, respectively). Cigarette smoking (OR 2•61, 95% CI 2•59 to 2•66), e-cigarette use (OR 2•61, 95% CI 2•59 to 2•64), and alcohol intoxication (OR 2•59, 95% CI 2•56 to 2•64) declined among 15-18-year-olds during COVID-19, with no similar gender differences.Interpretation Our results suggest that COVID-19 has significantly impaired adolescent mental health. However, the decrease observed in substance use during the pandemic might be an unintended benefit of isolation, and might serve as a protective factor against future substance use disorders and dependence. Population-level prevention efforts, especially for girls, are warranted.Funding Icelandic Research Fund.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive symptoms, mental wellbeing, and substance use among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland: a longitudinal, population-based study

Þórisdóttir

Ásgeirsdóttir

Kristjánsson

et al. 2021

The Lancet Psychiatry

226

202

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many infected HCWs also struggle to return to their ordinary life after COVID-19 infection because they suffer from physical disability, low energy, cognitive symptoms, and affective symptoms [5,6]. Furthermore, some infected HCWs may develop suicidal ideation after a full recovery from COVID-19 [7].…”

Section: Introduction 1frontline Health Care Workers In Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of Motivation to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination and Related Factors between Frontline Physicians and Nurses and the Public in Taiwan: Applying the Extended Protection Motivation Theory

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to compare the differences in motivation to receive a COVID-19 vaccination between frontline physicians and nurses and the Taiwanese public. The associations of threat and coping appraisals, as described in Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), with motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination were compared between these groups, too. We recruited 279 frontline physicians and nurses and 768 members of the public by a Facebook advertisement. Participants’ motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination, perceived severity of and vulnerability to COVID-19, self-efficacy and response efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination, response cost of COVID-19 vaccination, and knowledge about the mechanism of COVID-19 vaccination in light of PMT were determined. The results demonstrated that frontline health workers had higher motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination than the public. Response efficacy and knowledge of COVID-19 vaccination were positively associated with motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination in both frontline health workers and the public, whereas perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, and response cost of COVID-19 vaccination were positively associated with motivation in the public but not in frontline physicians and nurses. The factors related to motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination should be considered when designing programs to increase motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination among frontline health workers and the public.

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“…Although epidemics do not necessarily affect adolescent suicidality 8 , admissions data from hospitals in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East show an increase in self-harm, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic 21,22 . In addition, an online survey conducted during the pandemic revealed that 37% of adolescents reported having suicidal ideation 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of mental health in adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Bouter¹,

Zarchev²,

N³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective Although cross-sectional studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has negativelyaffected the mental health of adolescents, the effect of the pandemic on adolescents with pre-pandemicsymptoms is unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that adolescents had increased emotional andbehavioral problems during the lockdowns imposed during the pandemic.Method This study included three measurements in a prospective cohort of 1022 adolescentswho were oversampled based on their high risk of developing psychopathology. Before the pandemic, weassessed depressive, anxiety, stress, oppositional defiant problems, psychotic experiences and suicidality,using the Youth Self-Report; 445 and 333 of these 1022 adolescents subsequently completed the onlinequestionnaire in the first lockdown (in April 2020) and in the second lockdown (in January 2021),respectively. Multilevel random intercept regression models were used to determine the change inpsychiatric symptoms, including an interaction term to assess whether these changes differed based onthe severity of symptoms prior to the pandemic.Results Throughout the pandemic, the majority of adolescents reported having emotional and behavioralsymptoms that were within the normal range. Moreover, the mean symptom scores for all six outcomesdecreased significantly among adolescents with high clinical severity prior to the pandemic.Conclusion In contrast to our original hypothesis, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may notnecessarily be detrimental, at least among a specific subgroup of adolescents with preexisting mentalhealth problems. Moreover, our finding that most adolescents did not report experiencing clinicallyrelevant symptoms during the pandemic reflects their resilience during the pandemic.

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The psychiatric sequelae of the COVID‐19 pandemic in adolescents, adults, and health care workers

Cited by 190 publications

References 29 publications

Depressive symptoms, mental wellbeing, and substance use among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland: a longitudinal, population-based study

Depressive symptoms, mental wellbeing, and substance use among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland: a longitudinal, population-based study

Comparisons of Motivation to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination and Related Factors between Frontline Physicians and Nurses and the Public in Taiwan: Applying the Extended Protection Motivation Theory

A longitudinal study of mental health in adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

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