The Psychiatric Manifestations of Cerebral Malaria

Blocker, W. Webster; Kastl, Albert J.; Daroff, Robert B.

doi:10.1176/ajp.125.2.192

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Reports from among soldiers of the Vietnam War era similarly described mostly transient cases of psychosis, and impaired memory and concentration generally following admission for treatment for malaria [ 19 ], often lagging admission by some days, and typically without evidence of such symptoms while previously febrile [ 20 ]. Neuropsychological testing of certain of these patients both soon after their acute illness and following their recovery identified common patterns of deficits, particularly in tests of recent memory, visual organization, psychomotor speed, and visual motor integration [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric effects of malaria and anti-malarial drugs: historical and modern perspectives

Nevin

Croft

2016

Malar J

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The modern medical literature implicates malaria, and particularly the potentially fatal form of cerebral malaria, with a risk of neurocognitive impairment. Yet historically, even milder forms of malaria were associated in the literature with a broad range of psychiatric effects, including disorders of personality, mood, memory, attention, thought, and behaviour. In this article, the history of psychiatric effects attributed to malaria and post-malaria syndromes is reviewed, and insights from the historical practice of malariotherapy in contributing to understanding of these effects are considered. This review concludes with a discussion of the potentially confounding role of the adverse effects of anti-malarial drugs, particularly of the quinoline class, in the unique attribution of certain psychiatric effects to malaria, and of the need for a critical reevaluation of the literature in light of emerging evidence of the chronic nature of these adverse drug effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric effects of malaria and anti-malarial drugs: historical and modern perspectives

Nevin

Croft

2016

Malar J

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“…These sequelae are more common in children. [23][24] Post-malaria neurological syndrome is a discrete, transient neurological syndrome seen after recovery from severe infection. Criteria for inclusion under this syndrome are: recent symptomatic malarial infection with parasites cleared from blood, full recovery of consciousness in cases of cerebral malaria and the development of new neurological or psychiatric symptoms within two months of acute illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Changes in Cerebral Malaria among Sudanese patient in Khartoum State, Sudan 2019

Abbasher¹,

Alhusseini²,

Al-Dar³

et al. 2020

GJMR

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Introduction: It is thought that Malaria parasites live in red blood cells and make them stick to the inside of small blood vessels, particularly in the brain and also the eye. The light-sensitive tissue in the eye is also affected because the parasites disrupt the supply of oxygen and nutrients These changes, known as malarial retinopathy, include white, opaque patches, whitening of the infected blood vessels, bleeding into the retina and swelling of the optic nerve. Objectives: Our study was aimed to demonstrate malarial retinopathy in patients presented with neurological manifestations of malaria. Methodology: A cross-sectional Hospital based study included all patients with malaria seen during the period between 1-1-2019 and 25-4-2019

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“…'s patients had only minor residual symptoms. The 93rd Evacuation Hospital team [19,20] used psychometric testing and found that although early minor abnormalities could be demonstrated in the recovery period, these disappeared on retesting. Twenty years after the war, Varney et al [21] published a study of 42 Vietnam veterans who had suffered high fever due to malaria and had at least 24 hours of amnesia, as well as 40 Vietnam veterans who had experienced combat injuries.…”

Section: Cerebral Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurology in the Vietnam War

Gunderson¹,

Daroff²

2016

War Neurology

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Between December 1965 and December 1971, the United States maintained armed forces in Vietnam never less than 180,000 men and women in support of the war. At one time, this commitment exceeded half a million soldiers, sailors, and airmen from both the United States and its allies. Such forces required an extensive medical presence, including 19 neurologists. All but two of the neurologists had been drafted for a 2-year tour of duty after deferment for residency training. They were assigned to Vietnam for one of those 2 years in two Army Medical Units and one Air Force facility providing neurological care for American and allied forces, as well as many civilians. Their practice included exposure to unfamiliar disorders including cerebral malaria, Japanese B encephalitis, sleep deprivation seizures, and toxic encephalitis caused by injection or inhalation of C-4 explosive. They and neurologists at facilities in the United States published studies on all of these entities both during and after the war. These publications spawned the Defense and Veterans Head Injury Study, which was conceived during the Korean War and continues today as the Defense and Veterans Head Injury Center. It initially focused on post-traumatic epilepsy and later on all effects of brain injury. The Agent Orange controversy arose after the war; during the war, it was not perceived as a threat by medical personnel. Although soldiers in previous wars had developed serious psychological impairments, post-traumatic stress disorder was formally recognized in the servicemen returning from Vietnam.

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The Psychiatric Manifestations of Cerebral Malaria

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Psychiatric effects of malaria and anti-malarial drugs: historical and modern perspectives

Psychiatric effects of malaria and anti-malarial drugs: historical and modern perspectives

Retinal Changes in Cerebral Malaria among Sudanese patient in Khartoum State, Sudan 2019

Neurology in the Vietnam War

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