The Psoriatic Nonlesional Skin: A Battlefield between Susceptibility and Protective Factors

Understanding Human Epidermal Stem Cells at Single-Cell Resolution

“…The relative abundance of the 13 keratinocyte clusters found in healthy adult skin is altered in lesional and nonlesional epidermis from patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis ( Figure 1 ), consistent with earlier studies ( Kelemen et al., 2021 ; Luger et al., 2021 ). The marked expansion of the spinous layer clusters in the lesional epidermis ( Figure 1 ) is consistent with the histology of the tissue, but it is interesting that the expansion is skewed to one cluster (spinous IV) in psoriasis but not in atopic dermatitis.…”

Advances in Analytical Technologies for Extracellular Vesicles

“…NAs in EVs (EV NAs) occupy another large cargo, they are encapsulated within EVs via specific sorting mechanisms, , and so far, many types of DNA and RNA have been identified including ssDNA, dsDNA, , miRNA, , mRNA, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), , circular RNA (circRNA), , transfer RNA (tRNA), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA), etc . EV NAs not only convey the information about the cellular origin and physiological and pathological functions, but also they are protected by the lipid bilayer of exosomes from being degraded by enzymes in body fluids, which endows EV NAs the potential to be promising and stable biomarkers in liquid biopsies.…”

Mechanism of cytosolic nucleic acid induced IL-23 expression of human keratinocytes

“…However, several publications [85,86] and our own results [15,58,87] support the idea that keratinocytes are also active participants in these processes, as they not only play a role in the innate immune response, but also modulate the course of the acquired immune response. Moreover, in our recent review we [88] also suggested that we may consider the psoriatic non-lesional epidermis as a battlefield of constant fight between susceptibility and protective molecular factors in which keratinocyte innate immune processes also play a key role.…”