The pseudoGTPase group of pseudoenzymes

Abstract

PseudoGTPases are fast becoming recognized as important mechanistic components in a range of cellular roles. This review provides a concise discussion of the currently identified members of the group, including classification based on their nucleotide‐binding and catalytic activities.

Yersinia remodels epigenetic histone modifications in human macrophages

“…The activities of atypical Rho proteins are generally controlled by gene transcription and protein degradation and not by GAPs and GEFs (Aspenström et al, 2007;Haga & Ridley, 2016), but their regulation by epigenetic mechanisms has so far not been reported. Although the specific functions of atypical Rho proteins in macrophages are widely unknown, atypical Rho proteins also can regulate the activity of classical Rho proteins in different cell types (Aspenström et al, 2007;Stiegler & Boggon, 2020;Hodge & Ridley, 2016;Chardin, 2006). For instance, RhoH spatially controls Rac1 activity (Tajadura-Ortega et al,2018) and Rnd proteins bind and steer Rho GAP proteins to specific cell sites (Stiegler & Boggon, 2020).…”

“…RhoBTB2), cell transformation and -morphogenesis as well as development (e.g. RhoU and Rnd) (Aspenström et al, 2007;Stiegler & Boggon, 2020;Hodge & Ridley, 2016;Chardin, 2006). Many atypical Rho proteins have been found to regulate the activity of classical Rho Proteins, e.g.…”

“…Many atypical Rho proteins have been found to regulate the activity of classical Rho Proteins, e.g. RhoH spatially controls Rac1 activity (Tajadura-Ortega et al, 2018) and Rnd proteins bind and steer Rho GAP proteins to specific cell sites (Stiegler & Boggon, 2020). Notably, the Rho protein genes in the Suppression profile include Rac1, the Rac1 activator RhoG and the atypical Rho proteins RhoH and RhoU (Fig 4F).…”

The FEBS Journal in 2021: a sharp reminder that science really matters

“…We also published a Special Issue on 'Pseudoenzymes' (Fig. 2), edited by Colin Adrain (Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland) covering a diversity of topics highlighting the role of pseudoproteases, pseudokinases and pseudophosphatases, among other pseudoenzymes, in diverse biological processes ranging from cancer, inflammation, immunity and cell death [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. We are always very interested in hearing your proposals for Special Issues on cutting-edge topics of widespread interest; just email our editorial office with your proposal.…”

Pseudoenzymes: dead enzymes with a lively role in biology

“…Whether GTPases are functionally ‘on’ or ‘off’ is governed by the rate at which GTP is hydrolyzed into GDP by these enzymes, which is in turn controlled by GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors), positive regulators that promote GDP release, and GAPs (GTPase‐activating proteins), which act as negative regulators that increase GTP hydrolysis. The review by Stiegler and Boggon [11] highlights the emerging importance of pseudoGTPases, discusses their various modes of action, and provides an interesting classification of the various modes in which their loss of GTPase activity has been accomplished with respect to nucleotide binding or catalytic competency.…”