The Proximate Analysis, Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity and Mineral Composition of Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Powder

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to evaluate and characterise the Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder.
 Methodology: The quantitative analyses for proximate, phytochemicals, minerals, and antioxidant activities of Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder were carried out using standard procedures.
 Results: The result of the proximate analysis showed that both plants contain an appreciable amount of moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, crude protein and nitrogen-free extract content, with M. charantia leaf powder having higher moisture (5.49 ± 0.03%) content than O. gratissimum leaf powder (5.02 ± 0.01%) (P < 0.05). Ocimum gratissimum had higher crude fibre content (25.03 ± 0.25%) than M. charantia leaf powder (20.86 ± 0.12%) (P < 0.05). The protein, ash, crude fat and nitrogen-free extract contents were not significantly different (p> 0.05) between the two leaf powders. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannin, flavonoid, phenol, alkaloids, saponin and phytate. Except for alkaloid content, M. charantia leaf powder had higher tannins (1.20±0.02 mg/g), flavonoids (225.64±14.61 mg/g), phenol (21.04±0.57 mg/g), saponins (57.36±0.08 mg/g) and phytate (7.79±0.25 mg/g) content compared to O. gratissimum leaf powder. The antioxidant activity of the plants showed that M. charantia leaf powder possessed higher DPPH scavenging free radical activity than that of O. gratissimum leaf powder. The mineral constituents revealed that both plants contain a significant amount of zinc, calcium, iron and phosphorus, with M. charantia leaf powder having higher zinc and calcium concentration than O. gratissimum leaf powder (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that the leaf of M. charantia and O. gratissimum plants are rich sources of nutrients and phytochemicals and can be used as natural feed additives in animal nutrition.

Proximate Composition, Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Justicia carnea Leaf Powder

“…(Madhayan et al, 2022). Varieties of phytochemicals are used in veterinary, human, and other scientific research studies, and recently, plants such as Litsea floribunda Gamble (Madhayan et al, 2022), Momordica charantia, Ocimum gratissimum (Oloruntola et al, 2021), Ficus carica, F. exasperata, F. thonningii (Osowe et al, 2021), Anacardium occidentale (Oloruntola, 2021), wild sunflower, goat weed (Adeyeye et al, 2020), mucuna (Oloruntola et al, 2022), Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.…”

Potencial antioxidante, antimicrobiano, anti-inflamatória e antifúngica da Anacardium occidentale (Linn): Revisão de literatura

“…Enquanto ao período de publicação, ocorreu entre 2018 a 2022, predominando no ano de 2021 com 04 artigos [16][17][18][19], seguido pelo ano de 2020 com 02 artigos [20,21], 2019 com 02 artigos [22,23], 2018 com 02 artigos [24,25], por último o ano de 2022 apresentou 01 artigo [26].…”

“…Com relação a atividade antioxidante dos diferentes extratos de Anacardium occidentale L., foi visualizado em quatro artigos [18,21,23,26]. Sete artigos selecionados para compor a revisão integrativa relatam sobre a atividade antimicrobiana [16,19,20,22,[24][25][26], um artigo descreve sobre a atividade antifúngica [17] e apenas um artigo fala sobre atividade anti-inflamatória [21].…”

In vitro evaluation of the acaricidal efficacy of aqueous extract and essential oil of <i>Momordica charantia</i> L. against <i>Rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus</i> ticks.

“…aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of M. charantia grown in northern Nigeria contains saponins, steroids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, and flavonoids. In a study in southwestern Nigeria by Oloruntola et al (2021), high levels of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, and phytate were reported for the leaf powder of M. charantia. Plant tannins have been recorded to control bloat, endo and ectoparasites in ruminants raised on pasture .…”