The Provisional Low Temperature Scale from 0.9 mK to 1 K, PLTS-2000

Rusby, R. L.; Durieux, M.; Reesink, A. L.; Hudson, R. P.; Schuster, G.; Kühne, M.; Fogle, William E.; Soulen, R. J.

doi:10.1063/1.1627104

Cited by 13 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The main challenge with quantum shot noise thermometry is in the sensitivity of the noise measurement set-up; however, the associated temperature uncertainty can be statistically quantified. Note that the achieved resolution of 6.0±0.1 mK is comparable to the accuracy of the provisional low-temperature-scale standard (PLTS-2000) 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Primary thermometry triad at 6 mK in mesoscopic circuits

Iftikhar¹,

Anthore²,

Jezouin³

et al. 2016

Nat Commun

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Quantum physics emerge and develop as temperature is reduced. Although mesoscopic electrical circuits constitute an outstanding platform to explore quantum behaviour, the challenge in cooling the electrons impedes their potential. The strong coupling of such micrometre-scale devices with the measurement lines, combined with the weak coupling to the substrate, makes them extremely difficult to thermalize below 10 mK and imposes in situ thermometers. Here we demonstrate electronic quantum transport at 6 mK in micrometre-scale mesoscopic circuits. The thermometry methods are established by the comparison of three in situ primary thermometers, each involving a different underlying physics. The employed combination of quantum shot noise, quantum back action of a resistive circuit and conductance oscillations of a single-electron transistor covers a remarkably broad spectrum of mesoscopic phenomena. The experiment, performed in vacuum using a standard cryogen-free dilution refrigerator, paves the way towards the sub-millikelvin range with additional thermalization and refrigeration techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Primary thermometry triad at 6 mK in mesoscopic circuits

Iftikhar¹,

Anthore²,

Jezouin³

et al. 2016

Nat Commun

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“…In the first mixing chamber with temperature T mcl , the fraction ^ of the total flow is diluted and cools the remaining flow h 2 to T mcl . For thermometry a 3 He melting-curve thermometer was used to measure the temperatures of the second mixing chamber [8,9] and calibrated thick-film resistors for all other low temperature thermometers [10]. In the case of vanishing external heat loads, a temperature reduction of a factor of two can be gained by the use of this so-called double mixing chamber compared to a standard single mixing chamber.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogen-Free Dilution Refrigerator Precooled by a Pulse-Tube Refrigerator with Non-Magnetic Regenerator

Uhlig¹,

Wang²

2006

AIP Conference Proceedings

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We present a cryogen-free 3 He/ 4 He dilution refrigerator (DR) which was precooled by a 10 K pulse tube refrigerator (PTR), CRYOMECH, model PT805. The PT805 has no rare-earth materials in the second stage regenerator which are very expensive and normally generate oscillating magnetic fields with amplitudes of -20 nT at low temperatures. The challenge for our application was that the base temperature of our PTR was 5.5 K which is -3 K higher than that of a standard 4 K-PTR (-2.5 K). After being precooled by the PTR, the 3 He of the DR was further precooled and liquefied in a Joule-Thomson stage before it entered the dilution unit. The 3 He throughput which determines the cooling capacity of the dilution unit was up to 250 /rniol/s, and its base temperature was 5.4 mK. "Dry" DRs are very reliable and user-friendly to operate, cool downs are automatic, and experimental conditions remain unchanged during sustained continuous operation of the cryostat. In our DR there are no magnetic field distortions because of the non-magnetic regenerators of the PTR.

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“…The CBTs have been compared earlier [7,8] to the Provisional Low Temperature Scale of 2000 (PLTS-2000) [9]. In [7] the agreement between the CBT and PLTS-2000 was better than 1 % in the temperature range from 0.05 K to 0.4 K. Similar results were reported in [8], where the agreement was about 1 % in the temperature range from 0.25 K to 0.65 K. Although several experiments have shown that CBT measurements agree reasonably well with other realizations of thermodynamic temperature over a wide temperature range [5,7,8,10], no thorough uncertainty analysis has been reported so far leaving the question of the traceability of the CBT measurements open.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traceable Coulomb blockade thermometry

et al. 2016

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We present a measurement and analysis scheme for determining traceable thermodynamic temperature at cryogenic temperatures using Coulomb blockade thermometry. The uncertainty of the electrical measurement is improved by utilizing two sampling digital voltmeters instead of the traditional lock-in technique. The remaining uncertainty is dominated by that of the numerical analysis of the measurement data. Two analysis methods are demonstrated: numerical fitting of the full conductance curve and measuring the height of the conductance dip. The complete uncertainty analysis shows that using either analysis method the relative combined standard uncertainty (k = 1) in determining the thermodynamic temperature in the temperature range from 20 mK to 200 mK is below 0.5 %. In this temperature range, both analysis methods produced temperature estimates that deviated from 0.39 % to 0.67 % from the reference temperatures provided by a superconducting reference point device calibrated against the Provisional Low Temperature Scale of 2000.

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The Provisional Low Temperature Scale from 0.9 mK to 1 K, PLTS-2000

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Primary thermometry triad at 6 mK in mesoscopic circuits

Primary thermometry triad at 6 mK in mesoscopic circuits

Cryogen-Free Dilution Refrigerator Precooled by a Pulse-Tube Refrigerator with Non-Magnetic Regenerator

Traceable Coulomb blockade thermometry

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