The Proton Diagnostic Accelerator

Martin, Ronald L.; Foss, M.; Moenich, J.; Lari, R.J.

doi:10.1109/tns.1975.4327996

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The medical uses of proton radiography formed the basis for many early studies. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] However, poor position resolution, due to multiple Coulomb scattering, and high cost have limited the practical applications of radiography with low energy protons.…”

Section: Radiography With Charged Particle Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flash radiography with 24 GeV/c protons

Morris

Ables

Alrick

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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The accuracy of density measurements and position resolution in flash (40 ns) radiography of thick objects with 24 Gev/c protons is investigated. A global model fit to step wedge data is shown to give a good description spanning the periodic table. The parameters obtained from the step wedge data are used to predict transmission through the French Test Object (FTO), a test object of nested spheres, to a precision better than 1%. Multiple trials have been used to show that the systematic errors are less than 2%. Absolute agreement between the average radiographic measurements of the density and the known density is 1%. Spatial resolution has been measured to be 200 μm at the center of the FTO. These data verify expectations of the benefits provided by high energy hadron radiography for thick objects.

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Section: Radiography With Charged Particle Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flash radiography with 24 GeV/c protons

Morris

Ables

Alrick

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Cormack and Koehler also participated in the first laboratory implementation of pCT in the mid 1970s, using a 158 MeV pencil beam to image a phantom with small (0.5%) density variations [24]. Around the same time, Ronald Martin et al at the Argonne National Laboratory proposed building proton accelerators dedicated to diagnostic work, including pCT [25], and in 1977 Martin, together with Ken Hanson and Bill Steward, a University of Chicago M.D., proposed to the NIH 'Development of a prototype proto n CAT scan system' [26]. With a 205 MeV beam from a proton synchrotron, the Argonne team of Stephen Kramer, Martin, Steward et al demonstrated significant dose reduction and improved density resolution relative to conventional x-ray techniques [27].…”

Section: A Short History Of Proton Radiography and Ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A dedicated very-low-intensity, poor-emittance (i.e. potentially inexpensive) proton accelerator dedicated to diagnostic and planning work would be a game changer, as was recognized as far back as 1975 [25], but nothing of the sort is on the horizon. Also, the best existing pCT system still requires the order of six minutes to complete a scan, and a similar time, employing considerable computing resources, to generate an image.…”

Section: Proton Radiography and Computed Tomography Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of medical radiography and tomography with proton beams

2017

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More than half a century ago, Robert Wilson [1] recognized that charged particles held an intrinsic potential advantage for cancer therapy, compared with gamma rays and x-rays, and that accelerators capable of accelerating protons or heavier ions to sufficiently high energy would soon be readily available. Since the specific ionization (energy loss per unit distance) of non-relativistic ions varies nearly inversely with the kinetic energy, the radiological dose is greatest near the end of the ion path, in the 'Bragg Peak', named in honor of William Henry Bragg, who discovered the effect in 1903 [2]. Wilson proposed that with sufficient knowledge of the specific ioniz ation, or 'proton stopping power', of the tissue between skin and tumor, the ion energy could be tuned such that the ions stop in the tumor, resulting in minimal dose proximal to the tumor and nearly zero dose distal to the tumor. See figure 1 for a comparison of charged-particle irradiation with x-ray or gamma irradiation, for which the depth of the ionizing interactions cannot be controlled. In the figure, the broad flat proton dose distribution in the tumor region is realized

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