The proteomics of wool fibre morphogenesis

Compartmentation of Mitochondrial and Oxidative Metabolism in Growing Hair Follicles: A Ring of Fire

“…Either PI could not penetrate beyond the transition, or nuclear DNA had become degraded and PI had no place to bind into a clearly defined nuclear structure. The latter possibility is supported by studies showing that nuclei and DNA in differentiating epithelial germative matrix cells become progressively degraded after cell division ceases above Auber's critical line (Downes et al, 1966, Montagna and Parakkal, 1974, Orwin, 1969, Swift, 1977), even as differentiation proceeds with apparent expression of new keratins and keratin-associated proteins (Langbein and Schweizer, 2005, Langbein et al, 2010, Plowman et al, 2015). Similar degradation of nuclear structure and DNA occurs in the stratum lucidum/corneum of skin (Broekaert et al, 1986, Fuchs, 1990).…”

“…In anagen hair follicles proliferation occurs in follicular epithelial cells surrounding the dermal papilla. After proliferation ceases above Auber's critical line (broadest aspect of the follicular bulb), ultrastructural, immuno-histochemical, in-situ hybridization and proteomic studies identify seven shells of distally migrating cell lineages that differentiate into the hair shaft and the supporting inner-root sheath (Langbein and Schweizer, 2005, Langbein et al, 2010, Legué and Nicolas, 2005, Niemann and Watt, 2002, Orwin, 1979, Plowman et al, 2015). Extension of the hair shaft is powered by a poorly understood process of cell proliferation, reshaping, and migration with narrowing of the surrounding inner root sheath, as well as deposition and hardening of keratin (Bornschlögl et al, 2016, Chapman and Gemmell, 1971, Langbein and Schweizer, 2005, Orwin and Woods, 1982, Parry et al, 2007, Plowman et al, 2015, Rafik et al, 2006, Rogers, 1964).…”

The walking dead: sequential nuclear and organelle destruction during hair development

“…In the stratum corneum, the follicle's inner root sheath, fibre cuticle exocuticle and the medulla, enzymatically mediated ε‐( N ‐γ‐glutamyl)‐lysine bonds form between loosely networked IFs and keratin‐associated proteins (KAPs) . The cortex is stabilized primarily by extensive disulfide cross‐links between highly ordered bundles composed of IFs embedded within a matrix of hair‐unique KAPs, and keratinization involves the formation of disulfide cross‐links and IF conformational changes, with all this occurring above the level of the bulb in the keratogenous zone . Disulfide bonds are also a feature of stratified epithelia, formed by sulfhydryl oxidase .…”

“…The hair follicle is a complex, multilayered mini‐organ with keratinocyte cornification a key process in the production of healthy hair . The outer root sheath (ORS), inner root sheath (IRS) and hair fibre differ in keratin proteome, ultrastructure and event timing, yet share commonalities of reshaping, restructuring, keratin accumulation, organelle degradation and terminal differentiation . The mature IRS and hair fibre, in contrast to the actively respiring ORS, are broadly considered as ‘dead’; however, the point at which biological processes stop is unclear .…”

Improved consistency in 2D gel electrophoresis: Sheep plasma as a test case

“…Sheep farming is an important part of the economy of a number of countries, five of which have sheep populations of over 400 million (http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QA/E). Because of this, there is an increasing interest in understanding disease in sheep which has resulted in the proteomic analyses of wool , and skin from sheep. Sheep are also used as a model for understanding human disease and recently the first 2D sheep plasma proteome map was published .…”