The Proteome of T. vaginalis Hydrogenosomes

Henze, Katrin

doi:10.1007/7171_2007_106

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Finally, the largest family identified through these studies was the BspA-like group named for their similarity to leucine-rich proteins of mucosal bacteria known to mediate adherence to host cells [13]. This gene family was initially found to encode 658 proteins, but further analysis revealed a total of 911 proteins with 191 containing predicted transmembrane domains [8,36]. Furthermore, indirect immunofluorescence shows that at least one family member, TvBspA-625 (where TvBspA is T. vaginalis BspA), is expressed on the surface of the parasite [13,36].…”

Section: Adhesion Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomonas vaginalis: current understanding of host–parasite interactions

Ryan

Miguel

Johnson

2011

Essays in Biochemistry

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Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted obligate extracellular parasite that colonizes the human urogenital tract. Despite being of critical importance to the parasite's survival relatively little is known about the mechanisms employed by T. vaginalis to establish an infection and thrive within its host. Several studies have focused on the interaction of the parasite with host cells and extracellular matrix, identifying multiple suspected T. vaginalis adhesins. However, with the exception of its surface lipophosphoglycan, the evidence supporting a role in adhesion is indirect or controversial for many candidate molecules. The availability of the T. vaginalis genome sequence paved the way for genomic analyses to search for proteins possibly involved in host-parasite interactions. Several proteomic analyses have also provided insight into surface, soluble and secreted proteins that may be involved in Trichomonas pathogenesis. Although the accumulation of molecular data allows for a more rational approach towards identifying drug targets and vaccine candidates for this medically important parasite, a continued effort is required to advance our understanding of its biology. In the present chapter, we review the current status of research aimed at understanding T. vaginalis pathogenesis. Applied experimental approaches, an overview of significant conclusions drawn from this research and future challenges are discussed.

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Section: Adhesion Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomonas vaginalis: current understanding of host–parasite interactions

Ryan

Miguel

Johnson

2011

Essays in Biochemistry

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“…The T. vaginalis genome sequence (15), partial hydrogenosomal proteomes (49), and various biochemical studies (31, 55, 83–84) have revealed the presence of other diverse activities compartmentalized within the T. vaginalis hydrogenosome. These include enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism in mitochondria (83, 84, unpublished data), oxidoreductases similar to components of respiratory complex I in mitochondria (31, 55), as well as novel putative peroxidises likely involved in oxygen stress responses (91).…”

Section: Hydrogenosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrion-Related Organelles in Eukaryotic Protists

Shiflett

Johnson

2010

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

107

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The discovery of mitochondrial-type genes in organisms thought to lack mitochondria led to the demonstration that hydrogenosomes share a common ancestry with mitochondria, as well as the discovery of mitosomes in multiple eukaryotic lineages. No examples of examined eukaryotes lacking a mitochondrion-related organelle exist, implying that the endosymbiont that gave rise to the mitochondrion was present in the first eukaryote. These organelles, known as hydrogenosomes, mitosomes or mitochondrion-like organelles (MLO), are typically reduced, both structurally and biochemically, relative to classical mitochondria. However, despite diversification and adaptation to different niches, all appear to play a role in Fe-S cluster assembly, as observed for mitochondria. Although evidence supports the use of common protein targeting mechanisms in the biogenesis of these diverse organelles, divergent features are also apparent. The metabolism and biogenesis of these organelles in parasitic protists is discussed here.

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“…(61,82), hydrogenosomes typically lack their own genome and translation machinery, reflecting reductive evolution. This necessitates the import of hundreds of nuclear-encoded proteins from the cytosol (17,31,32,59).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Resistance to nitroimidazole derivates has been observed in anaerobic parasites such as Giardia, Entamoeba, and Trichomonas and in the last of these is known to be increasing (78,83). However, we do not possess an exhaustive list of hydrogenosomal proteins, and proteomic approaches contained many apparent cytosolic contaminations (31,71). A better understanding of hydrogenosomal proteins and their import into the Trichomonas organelle is important to the development of treatment strategies.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Machine Learning Approach To Identify Hydrogenosomal Proteins in Trichomonas vaginalis

et al. 2012

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The protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, the most widespread nonviral sexually transmitted disease in humans. It possesses hydrogenosomes-anaerobic mitochondria that generate H 2 , CO 2 , and acetate from pyruvate while converting ADP to ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation. T. vaginalis hydrogenosomes lack a genome and translation machinery; hence, they import all their proteins from the cytosol. To date, however, only 30 imported proteins have been shown to localize to the organelle. A total of 226 nuclear-encoded proteins inferred from the genome sequence harbor a characteristic short N-terminal presequence, reminiscent of mitochondrial targeting peptides, which is thought to mediate hydrogenosomal targeting. Recent studies suggest, however, that the presequences might be less important than previously thought. We sought to identify new hydrogenosomal proteins within the 59,672 annotated open reading frames (ORFs) of T. vaginalis, independent of the N-terminal targeting signal, using a machine learning approach. Our training set included 57 gene and protein features determined for all 30 known hydrogenosomal proteins and 576 nonhydrogenosomal proteins. Several classifiers were trained on this set to yield an import score for all proteins encoded by T. vaginalis ORFs, predicting the likelihood of hydrogenosomal localization. The machine learning results were tested through immunofluorescence assay and immunodetection in isolated cell fractions of 14 protein predictions using hemagglutinin constructs expressed under the homologous SCS␣ promoter in transiently transformed T. vaginalis cells. Localization of 6 of the 10 top predicted hydrogenosome-localized proteins was confirmed, and two of these were found to lack an obvious N-terminal targeting signal.

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The Proteome of T. vaginalis Hydrogenosomes

Cited by 7 publications

References 60 publications

Trichomonas vaginalis: current understanding of host–parasite interactions

Trichomonas vaginalis: current understanding of host–parasite interactions

Mitochondrion-Related Organelles in Eukaryotic Protists

A Machine Learning Approach To Identify Hydrogenosomal Proteins in Trichomonas vaginalis

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