The proteome of a wine yeast strain during fermentation, correlation with the transcriptome

Abstract

Aims: Although wine yeast gene expression has been thoroughly investigated only few data are available on the evolution the proteome during alcoholic fermentation. This work aimed at specifying the change in proteome during fermentation and to assess its connection with transcriptome. Methods and Results: The proteome of a wine yeast was monitored by 2‐D gel electrophoresis throughout alcoholic fermentation. Proteome was analysed in exponential growth and stationary phase. Among 744 spots, detected we observed significant changes in abundance with 89 spots displaying an increase in intensity and 124 a decrease. We identified 59 proteins among the most regulated and/or the most expressed. Glycolysis and ethanol production, amino acid and sulfur metabolism were the most represented functional categories. We found only a weak correlation between changes in mRNA and protein abundance, which is strongly dependent on the functional category. Conclusions: There are substantial changes in protein abundance during alcoholic fermentation, but they are not directly associated with changes at transcript level suggesting that mRNA is selectively processed and/or translated in stationary phase. Significance and Impact of the Study: These data show that proteome is a relevant level of analysis to gain insight into wine yeast adaptation to alcoholic fermentation.

Application of Gel Electrophoresis Techniques to the Study of Wine Yeast and to Improve Winemaking

“…However, Rossignol et al (2009) show that substantial changes in protein levels during alcoholic fermentation are not directly associated with changes in the transcriptome; this suggests that the mRNA is selectively processed, degraded and/or translated. This conclusion is important: it is the proteome, not the genome nor the transcriptome, that is the relevant level of analysis for understanding the adaptations of wine yeasts during alcoholic fermentation, since these are responsible for the phenotype.…”

“…Before the advances made in proteomics, the differential analysis of the genes that were expressed in different cell types and tissues in different physiological contexts was done mainly through analysis of mRNA. However, for wine yeast, it has been proved that there is no direct correlation between mRNA transcripts and protein content (Rossignol et al, 2009). It is known that mRNA is not always translated into protein, and the amount of protein produced by a given amount of mRNA depends on the physiological state of the cell.…”

“…It has recently been stated that the proteome is "the relevant level of analysis to understand the adaptations of wine yeasts for fermentation" (Rossignol et al, 2009). Following this, in-depth studies are now being made of the proteome of wine yeast strains and the relationship between the proteome and wine quality and winery processes.…”

Recent Advances in Yeast Biomass Production

“…Proteomic studies have also been carried out to gain a better understanding of the fluctuations in the stress-related gene mRNA levels during biomass propagation and to correlate glycolytic enzyme activities with their corresponding protein levels. However, the proteomic data available from industrial processes are very limited and usually centre on bioethanol production (Cot et al, 2007;Cheng et al, 2008) or wine and beer fermentations (Trabalzini et al, 2003;Zuzuarregui et al, 2006;Salvadó et al, 2008;Rossignol et al, 2009). Recent proteomic studies performed by 2D-gel electrophoresis during wine yeast biomass propagation have revealed that several glycolytic enzyme isoforms increase during biomass production.…”

Electrophoresis and spectrometric analyses of adaptation-related proteins in thermally stressed Chromobacterium violaceum

“…Proteomic studies following genomic and transcriptomic analyses have been described for prokaryotes (Broberg and Clark, 2010;Hamon et al, 2011) and eukaryotes (Rossignol et al, 2009). Together, these studies aim to improve our understanding of numerous diverse cellular processes, including those involving abiotic stress (Hongsthong et al, 2008;Woo et al, 2009).…”