The Protein Metabolism in Small Animals With Chronic Renal Failure and Its Correction

Abstract

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is often diagnosed in cats and dogs of old age. CRF is a consequence of metabolic deviations because of diseases (for example, generalized atherosclerosis, hypertensive disease, diabetes and others) and incorrect feeding. CRF is also a result of the delayed diagnosis of diseases of the urinary system and/or inadequate treatment. Aim of research. To study the biochemical parameters of protein metabolism that are important for determination of CRF stages and sub-stages in old small animals during correction of metabolic deviations. Materials and methods. There were analyzed biochemical indices (creatinine concentration in the blood serum; the ratio of protein/creatinine (UP/C) in the urine) and measured arterial blood pressure in 5 cats and 5 dogs with chronic renal failure selected from patients of the clinic according to medical history, clinical examination and special analysis. Results. It was analyzed CRF stages and sub-stages classification according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS). According to the date of creatinine concentration in the blood serum, CRF of the second stage was observed in 5 cats (140-250 μmol/L) and 3 dogs (125-180 μmol/L), and of the third stage - in 2 dogs (181-440 μmol/L). The CRF sub-stage as «without proteinuria» (UP/C < 0.2) was identified in 1 cat, «marginal proteinuria» (UP/C 0.2-0.4) – in 1 cat and «proteinuria» (UP/C > 0.4) - in 3 cats, and as «proteinuria» (UP/C > 0.5) - in 5 dogs. Conclusions. An important step of the successful treatment of CRF is the definition of the stages and sub-stages according to IRIS based mostly on the measurements of biochemical indices in the blood and urine of sick animals ‒ indicators of creatininemia and proteinuria, a change of which was caused mainly by metabolic processes of proteins under influence of exogenous factors (the traditional treatment of CRF plus enalapril and diet nutrition).

Informativeness of clinical and laboratory tests for the diagnosis of chronic renal failure in small animals

“…Сучасна класифікація базується на основі стадійності перебігу: перша стадія -зміни рівня клубочкової фільтрації та кількості виділеної нирками сечі (Elliott & Syme, 2006;Kalachniuk et al, 2016). При цьому ризик виникнення патології супроводжується підвищенням концентрації креатиніну в сироватці крові у 1,5-2,0 рази; друга стадія -ураження нирок із зростанням вмісту креатиніну до 600 мкмоль/л; третя -нирки повністю втрачають свої функції (рівень креатиніну в сироватці крові -понад 700 мкмоль/л).…”