“…Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease in older individuals, usually manifested as a range of activities, including dyskinesia or neurobiological disorders, such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, and muscle stiffness (Abbas, Xu, & Tan, ), prominent traits of which include dopaminergic cells loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc; Wirdefeldt, Adami, Cole, Trichopoulos, & Mandel, ) and the aberrant intracellular protein aggregation including α‐synuclein (Sun, Zhang, Huang, & Chen, ). It has been suggested that PD pathogenesis has been implicated to neuronal apoptosis caused by impaired mitochondrial function (Ouazia, Levros, Rassart, & Desrosiers, ), so the study of neuronal apoptosis may provide a new target for the treatment of PD (Ghavami et al, ). 1‐Methyl‐4‐Phenyl‐pyridinium Iodide (MPP(+)), a commonly used dopamine (DA) neuron toxicant, can cause mitochondrial dysfunction (Nakamura et al, ), inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway activation, eventually leading to cell apoptosis, and is therefore commonly used to simulate PD in vitro model (Suzuki, Mizuno, & Yoshida, ).…”