The protective role of verbenalin in rat model of focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion

Abstract

To investigate the protective mechanism of verbenalin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion in the left hemisphere was induced in rats by filament insertion, and rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established. The high, medium and low dose of verbenalin groups were injected in the tail vein of corresponding drugs 10 min before reperfusion, and submitted for 22 h of reperfusion after the operation. Mortality rate was then calculated, and neurological deficits of rats were scored. The serum of rats was got to determine the S-100β protein level, and the brain tissue was removed to determine the levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and ATPase. TTC staining was performed on the brain tissue to calculate the percentage of cerebral infarct size. Changes in brain tissue morphology were observed. Rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was successfully replicated. In groups that have taken different doses of verbenalin, the mortality rate, neurological deficit score and the percentage of cerebral infarction size were significantly reduced, and the levels of Bax, Caspase-3, S-100β level of the serum in the brain tissue were also significantly reduced. Increases in the levels of Bcl-2 and ATPase in brain tissue and improvement of pathological damage of hippocampus and cortex were observed. Verbenalin can inhibit the expression of apoptosis genes, promote the expression of anti-apoptosis genes, improve brain microcirculation and energy metabolism, hence reducing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Microarray analysis of verbenalin-treated human amniotic epithelial cells reveals therapeutic potential for Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Herbal tea made from V. officinalis has traditionally been used for the treatment of insomnia as well as a home remedy for headache, fever, depression, and nervous exhaustion. Verbenalin, one of the major constituents of this plant, has been reported to exhibit sleep-promoting and antioxidant activities [20,22,23]. In our previous study, we have reported relaxation and anti-depressant effects of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) extract, rich in verbascoside and verbenalin, both in the in vitro and in vivo models [24].…”

Neuroprotective effect of ginkgetin in experimental cerebral ischemia/reperfusion via apoptosis inhibition and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation

“…Alleviation of cerebral IR injury through the utilization of effective ingredients in traditional herbal medicine is a promising strategy. 8 Ginkgo biloba L (GB), which belongs to Ginkgoaceae family, is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb, and is widely used for multiple medical purposes. 9 For example, GB is used for the treatment of anxiety, depression, headache, and memory impairment in Europe and Asia.…”

Neuroprotective efficacy of 4-Hydroxyisoleucine in experimentally induced intracerebral hemorrhage

“…The development of hematoma has led to cognitive impairment, increased Caspase-3 ( Cao et al, 2018 ) and BAX ( Bai et al, 2019 ), level while decreased MBP ( Khan et al, 2006 ) and Bcl-2 ( Keshavarz et al, 2013 ) levels in ALB-treated rats. Moreover, alleviate the elevated oxidative stress AchE ( Ellman et al, 1961 ), LDH ( Mehan et al, 2017 ), MDA ( Mehan et al, 2020 ), nitrite concentration ( Singh et al, 2017 ), and decreased CAT, GSH ( Alam et al, 2020 ), GPx ( Fathimoghadam et al, 2019 ), SOD ( Cai et al, 2015 ) concentration, elevated level of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17) ( Wang et al, 2018 ), decreased neurotransmitters Ach ( Zeng et al, 2017 ), DOPA ( Jamwal and Kumar, 2016 ), GABA, glutamate ( Rajdev et al, 2020 ) in the hemorrhagic brain.…”

“…For a consecutive 35 days, the 4-HI administration significantly improves motor and behavioral dysfunction, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, showing its many target activities in complexes in particular molecular and cellular ways. Caspase-3 and Bax-2 activation associated with cell death and inflammation of neurons caused by cerebral hemorrhages ( Cao et al, 2018 ). Long-term therapy with 4-HI 50 mg/kg and 4-HI 100 mg kg had raised the neurological score in specific behavioral parameters, reflecting its significant neuroprotective role in patients in reducing inflammation and neuronal mortality.…”