The protective role of mangroves in safeguarding coastal populations through hazard risk reduction: A case study in northeast Brazil

Zamboni, N.; Prudêncio, Mattheus da Cunha; Amaro, Venerando Eustáquio; Matos, Maria de Fátima Alves de; Verutes, Gregory; Carvalho, Adriana Rosa

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106353

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…1) Protection of natural areas. Mangrove fringes, riparian vegetation, and beachfront vegetation should be protected as they provide natural defence against climate-induced coastal hazards, reducing economic and social losses (e.g., Zamboni et al 2022). Despite the significant presence of preservation areas along the São Paulo coast, only a small portion encompasses immediate beachfront areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanisation on the coastline of the most populous and developed state of Brazil: the extent of coastal hardening and occupations in low-elevation zones

Pardal,

Christofoletti,

Martinez

2024

Anthropocene Coasts

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Worldwide, coastlines have been replaced and altered by hard infrastructures to protect cities and accommodate human activities. In addition, human settlements are common and increasing in lowland areas threatened by coastal risk hazards. These urbanisation processes cause severe socioeconomic and ecological losses which demand policy reforms towards better coastal management and climate resilience. A first step in that direction is to comprehend the status of coastal hardening and occupation of vulnerable areas. Here, we mapped the coastline of the most populous and developed state of Brazil: São Paulo (SP). Our goal was to quantify the linear extent of natural habitats, artificial structures (AS), and occupations in low-elevation coastal zones (≤ 5 m) within 100 m from marine environments (LECZ100m) along the coastline and within estuaries. SP coast has a total extent of 244 km of AS, of which 125 and 119 km correspond to AS running along the coastline (e.g., seawalls, breakwaters) and extending from the shoreline into adjacent waters (e.g., jetties, pontoons, groynes), respectively. 63% of the total extent of AS is located in the most urbanised region. Breakwalls were the most common infrastructure (108 km), followed by jetties and wharves (~40 km each), and aquaculture and fishing apparatus (~24 km). Over 300 km of the SP coastline has inland occupations in LECZ100m: 235 and 67 km are adjacent to sandy beaches and estuarine/river margins, respectively. Coastal hardening is advanced in the central region of SP resulting from intense port activities and armoured shorelines. In other regions, much of coastal urbanisation seems to be driven by secondary usage of the cities, such as real estate development for beach houses and tourism. Our findings suggest that coastal urbanisation poses a major but often neglected source of environmental impact and risk hazards in SP and Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanisation on the coastline of the most populous and developed state of Brazil: the extent of coastal hardening and occupations in low-elevation zones

Pardal,

Christofoletti,

Martinez

2024

Anthropocene Coasts

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“…Extreme sea level events have eroded and flooded lowlands along the coast of Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), Northeast Brazil, promoting damages to structures and buildings near shoreline (e.g., Scudelari et al, 2005;Santos-Jr. et al, 2011;Busman et al, 2014;Amaro et al, 2015;Scudelari et al, 2016;Marcelino et al, 2018;Prudêncio et al, 2019;Câmara et al, 2019;Matos et al, 2020;Scudelari et al, 2021;. Those processes have harmed urban goods, industries, tourism, traditional populations, beach recreation, real estate market and sensitive ecosystems (e.g., Boori et al, 2010;Busman et al, 2016;Marcelino et al, 2018;Aguiar et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2020;Weiner et al, 2021;Lacerda et al 2022;Zamboni et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

40 Years Extreme Offshore Waves off the Eastern Continental Shelf of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil

Pinheiro

Souza

Amaro

et al. 2023

Rev. Bras. Geog. Fis.

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Unplanned occupations and extreme metocean events increase risk of material and lives losses due to socioenvironmental disasters in coastal zones. Such processes have harmed goods, industries, tourism, traditional populations and sensitive ecosystems along the coast of Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), Northeast Brazil. Long-term monitoring data of metocean drivers are scarce off RN's littoral, which are critical in decision-takings for mitigation and adaptation actions along densely populated coastal areas. This study aims to assess extreme ocean waves off RN's eastern coast. Time series of wind speed, tide and wave parameters have been obtained from satellite altimetry and ERA5 reanalysis, between 1979 and 2021, in a virtual station at 6.0ºS/34.7ºW. Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) was fitted to wave significant high (Hs). Registers of coastal disasters were collected from online media. Waves have reached Hs maximum of 3.30 m, average of 0.76 m, coming from east-southeast and southeast. Winter and spring seasons have presented higher waves, related to action of trade winds. Wind speed occurred mainly between 6 and 8 m/s. GPD estimated Hs increasing up to 2.4 times above its average, each 2 years, overtaking 2.7 times its average per decade. Previous increasing of wind speed is more important than its scalar value, to form an extreme wave. Hs at the virtual station had its upper peak either at the same day or one-two days before of coastal damage, which means that ocean storms offshore propagate coastward quickly.

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Nature as a solution for shoreline protection against coastal risks associated with ongoing sea-level rise

Manes

Gama-Maia

Vaz

et al. 2023

Ocean & Coastal Management

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The protective role of mangroves in safeguarding coastal populations through hazard risk reduction: A case study in northeast Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

Urbanisation on the coastline of the most populous and developed state of Brazil: the extent of coastal hardening and occupations in low-elevation zones

Urbanisation on the coastline of the most populous and developed state of Brazil: the extent of coastal hardening and occupations in low-elevation zones

40 Years Extreme Offshore Waves off the Eastern Continental Shelf of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil

Nature as a solution for shoreline protection against coastal risks associated with ongoing sea-level rise

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