The protective role of daidzein in intestinal health of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed soybean meal-based diets

Abstract

Soybean meal-induced enteropathy (SBMIE) is prevalent in aquaculture. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of daidzein on SBMIE of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) by feeding with fish meal diet (FM), soybean meal diet (SBM, 40% fish meal protein in FM replaced by soybean meal protein) and daidzein diet (DAID, 40 mg/kg daidzein supplemented to SBM) for 12 weeks. We found that daidzein supplementation elevated the gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β, decreased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and signal molecules p38, JNK and NF-κB. SBM up-regulated the genes expression related to oxidative stress and apoptosis, but dietary daidzein restored it to the similar level with that in FM group. Moreover, dietary daidzein up-regulated gene expression of tight junction protein, and modified the intestinal microbial profiles with boosted relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria and Deinococcus–Thermus, genera Sphingomonas and Thermus, species Lactococcus lactis, and decreased abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, dietary daidzein could ameliorate SBM-induced intestinal inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mucosal barrier injury and microbiota community disorder of turbot. Moreover, p38, JNK and NF-κB signaling might be involved in the anti-inflammatory process of daidzein, and daidzein itself might act as an antioxidant to resist SBM-induced oxidative damage.

Effects of Replacing Fishmeal by Raw or Lactobacillus acidophilus-Fermented Soybean Meal on Growth, Intestinal Digestive and Immune-Related Enzyme Activities, Morphology, and Microbiota in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

“…Interestingly, beta-diversity analysis of PCoA, NMDS, and UPGMA suggested that the clusters and microbiota profile in CNT and LASM groups were relatively coherent, while those in the SM group were separated. Similar findings have also been observed in previous studies [21,24]. For the specific microbiota composition, dietary SM remarkably decreased Firmicutes and increased Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes compared to the CNT group.…”

“…Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) is a valuable marine carnivorous flatfish species in terms of aquaculture; it possesses high requirements on protein level (~500 g kg -1 diet) and exhibits high sensitivity to differences in protein source [21,22]. Previous studies have indicated that high SM diet can easily cause growth impairment and intestine dysfunction in turbot [23,24]. In current study, the efficiency of L. acidophilus fermentation in improving the nutritional profile of SM was estimated.…”

Vitamin D3 deficiency induced intestinal inflammatory response of turbot through nuclear factor-κB/inflammasome pathway, accompanied by the mutually exclusive apoptosis and autophagy

“…According to the previous diagnostic criteria of enteritis in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) ( 37 ) and turbot ( 38 ), typical intestinal enteritis histomorphology was observed in the VD 3 deficiency group in terms of shortened mucosal fold, disordered goblet cells, and widened lamina propria. Besides, a reduced expression of tight junction proteins, decreased mucin secretion, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppressed immune response were also involved in the pathological process of enteritis in fish ( 3 , 4 , 6 , 39 ). In the present study, suppressed secretion of intestinal mucus and lower expression of tight junction protein led to the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in turbot, which was also observed in vitro (reduction in the gene expression of tight junction proteins).…”

Chlorella vulgaris Extracts as Modulators of the Health Status and the Inflammatory Response of Gilthead Seabream Juveniles (Sparus aurata)

“…The intestinal epithelium, a highly selective barrier between the animal and the external environment, is constantly exposed to dietary and environmental oxidants. Consequently, it is more prone to oxidative stress and damage, which can impact gut functionality and health [ 49 , 50 ]. The dietary effects of microalgae biomass inclusion have been previously assessed on the intestine of gilthead seabream.…”