The Protective Effects of Melatonin and Vitamin E against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to contribute to the cellular damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the efficiency of melatonin and vitamin E in the reduction of injury induced by ROS in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion. Twenty-four Wistar-albino rats were divided into four groups. Rats in the Sham group were given saline 1 mL/kg, intraperitoneally (ip) 72 h, 48 h, 24 h, and 30 min before the sham operation. Rats in ischemia-reperfusion (IR), IR+Melatonin, and IR+Vitamin E groups were given saline (1 mL/ kg), melatonin (10 mg/kg), and vitamin E (100 mg/kg) ip, respectively, 72 h, 48 h, 24 h, and 30 min before the ischemia for 60 min, followed by reperfusion for 60 min. The blood samples and kidney tissues of the rats were taken under anesthesia. Ischemia-reperfusion significantly increased urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Histopathological findings of the IR group confirmed that there was renal impairment by cast formation and tubular necrosis in the tubular epithelium. In the IR+Melatonin group, while MDA levels significantly decreased, SOD activities increased. In the IR+Melatonin group, the level of tubular necrosis and cast formation are significantly decreased than those seen in the ischemia-reperfusion group. Melatonin in particular was effective to reverse hot ischemia of kidney by its antioxidant effects. These results may indicate that melatonin pretreatment protects against functional, biochemical, and morphological damage better than vitamin E in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Effects of melatonin on the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue injury after renal ischemia reperfusion in rats

“…Melatonin, a pineal secretory product, reduces the IRinduced brain, 12 heart, 13 kidney, 14,15 and liver 16 damages in rats. These effects of melatonin are related with scavenging of a variety of toxic oxygen and nitrogen-based reactants and stimulation of antioxidative enzymes.…”

Melatonin with 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Protects against Apoptotic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Kidney

“…Indeed in many studies, some antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, vitamin E, glutathione, catalase, and melatonin (Mel) were reported to exert protective properties against ischemia-induced tissue damage. 6,8 A strong direct free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant Mel is the major hormone secreted by the pineal gland. [9][10][11] The exogenous Mel was shown to preserve renal function by reducing lipid peroxidation, increasing glutathione levels, and preventing the increase in nitrite levels induced by renal I/R.…”

Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in the protective effectof melatonin against renal ischemia reperfusion injury

“…Indeed, this effect was completely abolished by the use of araA. In another context, it is well known that oxidative damage to proteins and lipids is reflected by a decrease in PSH level (Dubey et al, 1996) and an increase in the level of MDA (Aktoz et al, 2007). Herein, melatonin preconditioning was found to preserve the PSH pool and decrease MDA formation.…”

“…Many antioxidants have been the focus of studies for developing strategies for use in I/R therapy (Mahfoudh Boussaid et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2012a;Aydogan et al, 2013). Along with others, we have shown that the antioxidant molecule, melatonin, has a significant protective action against renal damage that occurs during I/R injury (Aktoz et al, 2007;Ersoz et al, 2009;Hadj Ayed Tka et al, 2015). Effectively, there is a wide range of intracellular pathways that intervene in melatonin protection, but a cogent description of how they relate to each other is lacking.…”