The protective effects of <em>Zingiber officinale</em> essential oils extract against Atenolol induced adrenal gland in rats (<em>Rattus norvigicus</em>)

Abstract

Zingiber officinale Roscoe is a perennial herb belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. The chemical compounds were identified by Gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry, the results showed that 38 components found in Z. officinale, beta-Sesquiphellandrene had the highest percentage was (28.94%), followed by 2- Butanone, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (R)- (16.82%), alpha.-Farnesene (14.45%). The rest of the compounds constituted a smaller percentage, they were represented by Zingiberene, beta.-Phellandrene, Camphene, 1,8-Cineole, Alpha-Cedrene, Elemol, and Shogaol. Histological sections of the adrenal gland treated with atenolol drug showed that the cortex composed of atrophied zona granulosa, vascularized and inflamed zona fasciculate and sever inflammation of zona reticularis, the medulla appear with mild hemorrhage extended between the chromaffin cells, the parenchyma of the medulla consist of loosely, disorganized into clusters and cords resemble the epithelial, the cells large is size, polyhedral shape and appear empty in sections separated by sinusoidal capillaries while the deep layer is zona reticularis formed by pink stained cells and irregular arrangement. While in adrenal gland treated with Z. officinale showed more normal histological sections, so that treated with (atenolol and Z. officinale) showed mild moderate changes in different adrenal zona, the zona glomerulosa showed normal structure, small cluster beneath the capsule with crowded nuclei, mild hemorrhage area and the cells appeared resemble the lipoblasts.