The Protective Effects of &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Infection on Allergic Asthma

Zuo, Zhi Tong; Yue, Ma; Sun, Yan; Bai, Cui Qing; Ling, Chun Hua; Yuan, Feng

doi:10.1159/000508330

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…A possible explanation for this inverse relationship between H. pylori and asthma, according to the "hygiene hypothesis", is the possibility that infectious agents can inhibit allergic T helper (Th) 2 cells pathways, thus eliciting a Th1-type immune response. Furthermore, the neutrophil-activating protein of H. pylori (HP-NAP) increases interferon (IFN)-γ production and decreases interleukin (IL)-4, thus driving Th1 inflammation and inhibiting Th2 responses (Figure 2) [21]. Another possibility involves the inverse correlation between H. pylori infection and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), as the latter can worsen asthma and this is a risk factor for developing GERD [22,23].…”

Section: H Pylori Infection and Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori and Respiratory Diseases: 2021 Update

et al. 2021

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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium involved in the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Unexplained iron deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and vitamin B12 deficiency have also been related to H. pylori infection, whereas for other extra-gastric diseases, the debate is still open. In this review, we evaluate and discuss the potential involvement of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of several respiratory diseases. A MEDLINE search of all studies published in English from 1965 to 2021 was carried out. Controversial findings have been reported in patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, lung cancer, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, and sarcoidosis. Most of the available literature is concerned with case-control studies based on seroprevalence, with a small sample size and low consideration of confounders, which represents a potential issue. So far, there is no clear evidence of a causal association between H. pylori infection and respiratory diseases, and larger studies with appropriate epidemiological design are required.

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Section: H Pylori Infection and Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori and Respiratory Diseases: 2021 Update

et al. 2021

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“…When examining the mechanism by which benralizumab exerts this effect on infections, while other anti-IL-5 treatments did not have similar effects, the authors discovered that benralizumab greatly reduced sputum eosinophilia [ 78 ], suggesting that eosinophils might play a role in innate responses [ 79 ]. Conversely, concomitant Helicobacter pylori has been shown to protect against eosinophilic esophagitis [ 80 ] and asthma [ 81 ], suggesting bacterial interaction with eosinophils to regulate the progression of eosinophilic disorders. This possess the question as to what the specific roles of eosinophils are under these conditions: are they participating in the immune responses to bacterial infections?…”

Section: Eosinophils and Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophils and Bacteria, the Beginning of a Story

Ondari

Calvino-Sanles

First

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Eosinophils are granulocytes primarily associated with TH2 responses to parasites or immune hyper-reactive states, such as asthma, allergies, or eosinophilic esophagitis. However, it does not make sense from an evolutionary standpoint to maintain a cell type that is only specific for parasitic infections and that otherwise is somehow harmful to the host. In recent years, there has been a shift in the perception of these cells. Eosinophils have recently been recognized as regulators of immune homeostasis and suppressors of over-reactive pro-inflammatory responses by secreting specific molecules that dampen the immune response. Their role during parasitic infections has been well investigated, and their versatility during immune responses to helminths includes antigen presentation as well as modulation of T cell responses. Although it is known that eosinophils can present antigens during viral infections, there are still many mechanistic aspects of the involvement of eosinophils during viral infections that remain to be elucidated. However, are eosinophils able to respond to bacterial infections? Recent literature indicates that Helicobacter pylori triggers TH2 responses mediated by eosinophils; this promotes anti-inflammatory responses that might be involved in the long-term persistent infection caused by this pathogen. Apparently and on the contrary, in the respiratory tract, eosinophils promote TH17 pro-inflammatory responses during Bordetella bronchiseptica infection, and they are, in fact, critical for early clearance of bacteria from the respiratory tract. However, eosinophils are also intertwined with microbiota, and up to now, it is not clear if microbiota regulates eosinophils or vice versa, or how this connection influences immune responses. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of eosinophils as regulators of pro and anti-inflammatory responses in the context of both infection and naïve conditions. We propose questions and future directions that might open novel research avenues in the future.

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“…The proposed molecular mechanisms underlying the “Hygiene Hypothesis” focus on the role of regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) in the immune system response. The action and maturation of these cells can be modulated by several factors such as infectious agents, gut microbiome changes, and parasitic infections [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Divergent Theories Underlying Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coaggregation of Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Narrative Review

Sgrazzutti

Sansone

Attanasi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are two of the most frequent chronic diseases in children, representing a model of the atopic and autoimmune diseases respectively. These two groups of disorders are mediated by different immunological pathways, T helper (Th)1 for diabetes and Th2 for asthma. For many years, these two groups were thought to be mutually exclusive according to the Th1/Th2 paradigm. In children, the incidence of both diseases is steadily increasing worldwide. In this narrative review, we report the evidence of the potential link between asthma and T1DM in childhood. We discuss which molecular mechanisms could be involved in the link between asthma and T1DM, such as genetic predisposition, cytokine patterns, and environmental influences. Cytokine profile of children with asthma and T1DM shows an activation of both Th1 and Th2 pathways, suggesting a complex genetic-epigenetic interaction. In conclusion, in children, the potential link between asthma and T1DM needs further investigation to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these patients. The aim of this review is to invite the pediatricians to consider the potential copresence of these two disorders in clinical practice.

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The Protective Effects of <b><i>Helicobacter pylori</i></b> Infection on Allergic Asthma

Cited by 40 publications

References 144 publications

Helicobacter pylori and Respiratory Diseases: 2021 Update

Helicobacter pylori and Respiratory Diseases: 2021 Update

Eosinophils and Bacteria, the Beginning of a Story

Coaggregation of Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Narrative Review

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