The Protective Effect of Polyphenols for Colorectal Cancer

Ding, Sujuan; Xu, Sheng; Fang, Jun; Jiang, Hongmei

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01407

Cited by 54 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The same proves true for other dietary components, such as polyphenols [ 113 ] vitamins [ 114 , 115 , 116 ], and minerals [ 116 , 117 ] alone or in combination.…”

Section: Nutrients Epigenetics and Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 72%

Dietary Factors Modulating Colorectal Carcinogenesis

et al. 2021

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The development of colorectal cancer, responsible for 9% of cancer-related deaths, is favored by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The modification of diet and lifestyle may modify the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and prevent neoplasia in up to 50% of cases. The Western diet, characterized by a high intake of fat, red meat and processed meat has emerged as an important contributor. Conversely, a high intake of dietary fiber partially counteracts the unfavorable effects of meat through multiple mechanisms, including reduced intestinal transit time and dilution of carcinogenic compounds. Providing antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E) and leading to increased intraluminal production of protective fermentation products, like butyrate, represent other beneficial and useful effects of a fiber-rich diet. Protective effects on the risk of developing colorectal cancer have been also advocated for some specific micronutrients like vitamin D, selenium, and calcium. Diet-induced modifications of the gut microbiota modulate colonic epithelial cell homeostasis and carcinogenesis. This can have, under different conditions, opposite effects on the risk of CRC, through the production of mutagenic and carcinogenic agents or, conversely, of protective compounds. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence on the role of diet as a potential risk factor for the development of colorectal malignancies, as well as providing possible prevention dietary strategies.

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“…The same proves true for other dietary components, such as polyphenols [ 113 ] vitamins [ 114 , 115 , 116 ], and minerals [ 116 , 117 ] alone or in combination.…”

Section: Nutrients Epigenetics and Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 72%

Dietary Factors Modulating Colorectal Carcinogenesis

et al. 2021

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“…Polyphenols have been widely used to improve the We found that the gavage of EGCG significantly increased the content of pyridoxal in the serum of the mice, thereby enhancing their ability to reduce the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 , and other pro-inflammatory factors while also enhancing the organisms’ immunity due to their good biological activity ( 25 – 27 ). Studies have shown that polyphenols, including EGCG and theaflavin-3′-O-gallate (TF3′G), are absorbed in the jejunum after being ingested ( 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigallocatechin Gallate Can Protect Mice From Acute Stress Induced by LPS While Stabilizing Gut Microbes and Serum Metabolites Levels

Liu

Tang

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has potent biological activity as well as strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to explore the protective effect of EGCG on LPS-induced acute injury. We randomly divided 18 mice into three groups: CON, LPS, and EGCG-LPS. We gave the EGCG-LPS group gavage treatment with EGCG on day 8–15 and an intraperitoneal injection of LPS on day 16 to induce acute injury. The results showed that, compared with the LPS group, the bodyweight of the mice in the EGCG-LPS group increased significantly and effectively inhibited the morphological damage of the jejunum and liver. We measured liver tissue and found that the EGCG gavage treatment significantly inhibited the pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-2, IFN-γ) and oxidation indicators (MPO, NO, ALT, and AST) levels increase. The microbiological results showed that the EGCG gavage treatment reshaped the disturbance done to the intestinal microbial community in the mice by LPS, reversed the changes in the abundance ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and significantly reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriales. Finally, the serum metabolomics results showed that, when compared with the LPS group, the gavage treatment of EGCG significantly increased the concentration of sphingomyelin (d17:1/17:0), sphingomyelin (d16:1/20:0), and significantly reduced the content of trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl carnitine, and so on. Therefore, we believe that EGCG can protect mice from acute stress induced by LPS while stabilizing gut microbes in general, improving the metabolism of sphingolipids, and inhibiting the content of harmful metabolites.

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“…Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major bioactive polyphenol in green tea, is known to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress [ 110 ]. Many studies have shown that EGCG has anti-inflammatory effects on chronic inflammatory diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, in a multifactorial manner [ 111 , 112 ]. It improves acetic acid-induced colitis by reducing oxidative stress by decreasing nitric oxide (NO) production, increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression, and inhibiting the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in rats [ 113 ].…”

Section: Phytochemicals Targeting the Jak–stat Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals Targeting JAK–STAT Pathways in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights from Animal Models

et al. 2021

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that consists of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Cytokines are thought to be key mediators of inflammation-mediated pathological processes of IBD. These cytokines play a crucial role through the Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. Several small molecules inhibiting JAK have been used in clinical trials, and one of them has been approved for IBD treatment. Many anti-inflammatory phytochemicals have been shown to have potential as new drugs for IBD treatment. This review describes the significance of the JAK–STAT pathway as a current therapeutic target for IBD and discusses the recent findings that phytochemicals can ameliorate disease symptoms by affecting the JAK–STAT pathway in vivo in IBD disease models. Thus, we suggest that phytochemicals modulating JAK–STAT pathways are potential candidates for developing new therapeutic drugs, alternative medicines, and nutraceutical agents for the treatment of IBD.

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The Protective Effect of Polyphenols for Colorectal Cancer

Cited by 54 publications

References 105 publications

Dietary Factors Modulating Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Dietary Factors Modulating Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Epigallocatechin Gallate Can Protect Mice From Acute Stress Induced by LPS While Stabilizing Gut Microbes and Serum Metabolites Levels

Phytochemicals Targeting JAK–STAT Pathways in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights from Animal Models

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