“…To avoid such situations, the 2001 UNESCO Convention provides regimes of cooperation between coastal states and flag states (as an exception, with other interested states) depending on the location of the UCH. Furthermore, cooperation between states and international organizations to promote the cultural exchange of underwater cultural properties through exhibitions or the composition of museum collections, for example, is an important soft power strategy (Silva, 2023). However, proving the ownership of ancient ships and their cargoes is frequently difficult and requires detailed work with historical documents, obtaining access to archival files, and court cases.…”