The prostate cancer landscape in Europe: Current challenges, future opportunities

Marhold, Maximilian; Kramer, Gero; Krainer, Michael; Magnen, Clémentine Le

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.033

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…However, PSA alone as a biomarker still exhibits remarkable restrictions in the diagnosis and prognoses of PCa. Due to insufficient special symptoms of PCa in the early phase, it is easily confused with benign prostatauxe [ 4 , 5 ]. When evident symptoms occur, the cancers are usually in the middle and advanced phases, even with metastases [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Landscape of HOXA2, HOXA9, and HOXA10 as Potential Biomarkers for Predicting Progression and Prognosis in Prostate Cancer

Song

Peng

Luo

et al. 2022

Journal of Immunology Research

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is recognized as a common malignancy in male patients. The homeobox A cluster (HOXA) family members have been confirmed to be implicated in the development of several types of tumors. However, the expression pattern and prognostic values of HOXA genes in PCa have not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed TCGA datasets and identified six HOXA family members which showed a dysregulated expression in PCa specimens compared with nontumor specimens. We also explored the potential mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of HOXA family members in PCa, and the results of Pearson’s correlation revealed that most HOXA members were negatively related to the methylation degree. Moreover, we explored the prognostic values of HOXA family members and identified six survival-related HOXA members. Importantly, HOXA2, HOXA9, and HOXA10 were identified as critical PCa-related genes which were abnormally expressed in PCa and associated with clinical outcomes of PCa patients. Then, we explored the association between the above three genes and immune cell infiltration. We observed that the levels of HOXA2, HOXA9, and HOXA10 were associated with the levels of immune infiltration of several kinds of immune cells. Overall, our findings identified the potential values of the HOXA family for outcome prediction in PCa, which might facilitate personalized counselling and treatment in PCa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Landscape of HOXA2, HOXA9, and HOXA10 as Potential Biomarkers for Predicting Progression and Prognosis in Prostate Cancer

Song

Peng

Luo

et al. 2022

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…Pembrolizumab is a drug that targets PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and is the only FDA approved for advanced PCa that has high microsatellite instability, DNA mismatch repair deficiency or high tumor mutational burden (85-87). There are more ongoing studies and clinical trials with these immune checkpoint inhibitors drugs but whose results still do not allow their approval by the competent authorities and their commercialization (88)(89)(90)(91).…”

Section: Current Therapies For Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Models of Prostate Cancer: Their Contribution to Current Therapies

et al. 2022

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most frequent cancers worldwide. Nowadays, several therapeutic strategies are available for PCa treatment, namely chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Despite existing therapeutic approaches, in vitro and in vivo models are essential to better understand cancer development and search for more effective therapies, with a positive impact in cancer patient survival and quality of life. Among several models available, the rat model is the one most frequently used, since it shares anatomical, physiological, pathological, and behavioral features with humans. Animal models can be classified as: spontaneous, chemically-induced; hormonally-induced; implantation of cancer cell lines obtained from humans or from the same species, in the place of disease development or in a different place; and genetically-modified models. The chemically-induced models are among the most frequently used for PCa research. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of PCa models, presenting their application, advantages, and disadvantages, and their importance for the development of current therapies for prostate cancer.Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most common cancers in men. In 2020, PCa was the third most diagnosed neoplasia, with 1,414,259 new cases (7.3% of all cancer cases) and 375,304 deaths (1).During the last decades, PCa therapy has seen a remarkable evolution in many sectors, namely chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy. New precision medicine strategies and treatments are also suffering massive developments nowadays, also for PCa management, namely new proteomic and genomic technologies, non-coding RNA therapeutics or gene editing technologies (2).Over the decades, different animal and non-animal models have been used to describe PCa morphologically, evaluate its development, set up prognostics, and develop more successful and globally used treatments.This work aimed to review the different models used in PCa research among the decades and highlight their significant contribution to the discovery of various therapies regularly used nowadays to treat men with PCa and significantly improve their lives. Prostate Cancer: An OverviewPCa is a neoplasia that results from the uncontrolled growth of the prostatic gland cells. Almost all PCas are adenocarcinomas. However, histologically, two types can be considered: acinar adenocarcinoma and non-acinar carcinoma. PCa acinar 323

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“…Unfortunately, the outcomes of global efforts for the early detection and intervention of prostate cancer are disappointing: (1) prostate cancer is still the most common cancer in Europe in man, (2) the prostate cancer incidence has increased in nearly all African and Asian countries, (3) the proportion of advanced cancers at diagnosis has increased from 3.9% to 8.2% in the US, (4) the worldwide use of PSA testing and digital rectal examination has failed to reduce prostate cancer mortality, and thus, is no longer recommended 33 - 44 , and (5) there is still no effective preventive method to reduce the incidence, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer 22 - 32 .…”

Section: Editorial Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

The most effective but largely ignored target for prostate cancer early detection and intervention

Man¹,

Mannion²,

Jewett³

et al. 2022

J. Cancer

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Over the past two decades, the global efforts for the early detection and intervention of prostate cancer seem to have made significant progresses in the basic researches, but the clinic outcomes have been disappointing: (1) prostate cancer is still the most common non-cutaneous cancer in Europe in men, (2) the age-standardized prostate cancer rate has increased in nearly all Asian and African countries, (3) the proportion of advanced cancers at the diagnosis has increased to 8.2% from 3.9% in the USA, (4) the worldwide use of PSA testing and digital rectal examination have failed to reduce the prostate cancer mortality, and (5) there is still no effective preventive method to significantly reduce the development, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer… Together, these facts strongly suggest that the global efforts during the past appear to be not in a correlated target with markedly inconsistent basic research and clinic outcomes. The most likely cause for the inconsistence appears due to the fact that basic scientific studies are traditionally conducted on the cell lines and animal models, where it is impossible to completely reflect or replicate the in vivo status. Thus, we would like to propose the human prostate basal cell layer (PBCL) as “the most effective target for the early detection and intervention of prostate cancer”. Our proposal is based on the morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular evidence from our recent studies of normal and cancerous human prostate tissues with detailed clinic follow-up data. We believe that the human tissue-derived basic research data may provide a more realistic roadmap to guide the clinic practice and to avoid the potential misleading from in vitro and animal studies.

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The prostate cancer landscape in Europe: Current challenges, future opportunities

Cited by 23 publications

References 116 publications

Comprehensive Landscape of HOXA2, HOXA9, and HOXA10 as Potential Biomarkers for Predicting Progression and Prognosis in Prostate Cancer

Comprehensive Landscape of HOXA2, HOXA9, and HOXA10 as Potential Biomarkers for Predicting Progression and Prognosis in Prostate Cancer

Evolution of Models of Prostate Cancer: Their Contribution to Current Therapies

The most effective but largely ignored target for prostate cancer early detection and intervention

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