The Prospects of Algae-Derived Vitamins and Their Precursors for Sustainable Cosmeceuticals

Arora, Neha; Philippidis, George P.

doi:10.3390/pr11020587

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Supplementation with vitamin D is recommended because sunlight exposure and dietary intake are often insufficient to maintain optimal vitamin D status ( 40 ). The growing awareness of vitamin D has led to an increase in the use of vitamin D supplements and the expansion of its market ( 43 ). Recent attempts have been made to produce vitamin D3 using thraustochytrid because of its high sterol productivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of thraustochytrid-specific sterol O -acyltransferase: modification of DGAT2-like enzyme to increase the sterol production in Aurantiochytrium limacinum mh0186

Ishibashi,

Sadamitsu,

Fukahori

et al. 2023

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Thraustochytrids are marine microorganisms expected to produce useful lipids. They synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols and store them in lipid droplets as a form of triacylglycerol (TG) and sterol ester (SE), respectively. TG is synthesized by diacylglycerol O -acyltransferase (DGAT). There are several DGAT2 homologs in Aurantiochytrium limacinum . This study indicated that DGAT2C and DGAT2D are SE synthase and TG synthase, respectively, by disrupting their corresponding genes in A. limacinum mh0186. DGAT2C is revealed as thraustochytrid-specific acyl-CoA:sterol- O -acyltransferase by performing in vivo and in vitro assays after heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . DGAT2C and DGAT2D localized mainly to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the lipid droplet, respectively, and the two of the N-terminal domains unique to DGAT2C were essential for ER localization and SE synthesis in A. limacinum mh0186. Interestingly, the study also found that deletion of the first eight transmembrane domains in the unique N-terminal region of DGAT2C increased SE and total sterol productivity when expressed in DGAT2C-deficient A. limacinum mh0186. In addition, intermediates such as Δ7-cholesterol (provitamin D3) also accumulated in SE by expression of the N-terminal-truncated DGAT2C, along with cholesterol and Δ7-stigmasterol, a major phytosterol in A. limacinum . This study proves that DGAT2C is an ER-localized SE synthase and that its suitable N-terminal deletion can increase sterol production in thraustochytrids. IMPORTANCE Since the global market for sterols and vitamin D are grown with a high compound annual growth rate, a sustainable source of these compounds is required to keep up with the increasing demand. Thraustochytrid is a marine oleaginous microorganism that can synthesize several sterols, which are stored as SE in lipid droplets. DGAT2C is an unconventional SE synthase specific to thraustochytrids. Although the primary structure of DGAT2C shows high similarities with that of DGAT, DGAT2C utilizes sterol as an acceptor substrate instead of diacylglycerol. In this study, we examined more detailed enzymatic properties, intracellular localization, and structure-activity relationship of DGAT2C. Furthermore, we successfully developed a method to increase sterol and provitamin D3 productivity of thraustochytrid by more than threefold in the process of elucidating the function of the DGAT2C-specific N-terminal region. Our findings could lead to sustainable sterol and vitamin D production using thraustochytrid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of thraustochytrid-specific sterol O -acyltransferase: modification of DGAT2-like enzyme to increase the sterol production in Aurantiochytrium limacinum mh0186

Ishibashi,

Sadamitsu,

Fukahori

et al. 2023

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity properties. Fucoxanthin has been studied for its potential in weight management, metabolic health, and as an adjunct therapy for various conditions [68]. ] possess the capability to produce various vitamins and provitamins that are valuable in the cosmeceuticals industry.…”

Section: Bioactive Compounds Present In Algae and Their Potential Hea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the therapeutic potential of algae derived food and diet factors in allergy and inflammation

Pereira,

Valado

2024

Explor Asthma Allergy

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Seaweed, a rich source of bioactive compounds, has gained increasing attention for its potential therapeutic applications in allergy and inflammation. This review examines the current scientific literature investigating the effects of seaweed derived food and diet factors on allergic and inflammatory conditions. Seaweed is abundant in polysaccharides, peptides, polyphenols, and fatty acids, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. These bioactive compounds have the capacity to modulate immune responses and mitigate allergic reactions, rendering seaweed a promising candidate for the development of functional foods and dietary interventions targeting allergy and inflammation. Explorations into the effects of seaweed consumption on allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis have shown encouraging results. Factors found in seaweed have the potential to alleviate symptoms, reduce inflammation, and boost immune function in allergy sufferers. Furthermore, inquiries into the effectiveness of diets incorporating seaweed in preventing and managing chronic inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis have been undertaken. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of seaweed derived compounds are being unraveled, revealing their ability to modulate immune cell activity, regulate cytokine production, inhibit inflammatory mediators, and promote gut microbiota balance. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for targeted interventions and the identification of specific bioactive compounds responsible for the observed therapeutic effects. Seaweed derived food and diet factors hold significant promise as natural interventions for the prevention and management of allergic and inflammatory conditions. However, further research is required to establish the optimal dosage, formulation, and long-term effects of seaweed-based interventions. Additionally, clinical trials are necessary to validate their efficacy and safety in diverse patient populations. This review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of seaweed derived compounds and underscores the importance of incorporating seaweed into dietary strategies to combat allergy and inflammation.

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“…To illustrate, red algae contain B vitamins (B1, B2, and B12), while green algae encompass vitamins E and C. Vitamin C is found in all macroalgae, with red algae being notably employed to combat scurvy stemming from vitamin C deficiency. Seaweed can exceed daily vitamin requirements, particularly for vitamins A, B12, B2, and C [90]. Beyond pigments, phenolics, and vitamins, marine algae are also renowned for their richness in essential minerals (e.g., magnesium, sodium, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus) and trace minerals (iodine, zinc, and manganese).…”

Section: Other Biomolecules From Marine Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Bioactives and Their Application in the Food Industry: A Review

Senadheera,

Hossain,

Shahidi

2023

Applied Sciences

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The structurally diverse bioactive compounds found in marine organisms represent valuable resources for the food and pharmaceutical industries. The marine ecosystem encompasses over half of the world’s biota, providing an extensive range of bioactive compounds that can be extracted from various marine life forms, including marine microorganisms (such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, and actinobacteria), algae (both macroalgae and microalgae), invertebrates (including sponges, mollusks, echinoderms, and crustaceans), and, most importantly, fish. Many of these organisms thrive in extreme marine environments, leading to the production of complex molecules with unique biological functions. Consequently, marine biomolecules, such as lipids (especially polyunsaturated fatty acids), proteins/peptides, polysaccharides, carotenoids, phenolics, and saponins, exhibit a wide range of biological properties and can serve as valuable components in nutraceuticals and functional foods. Nevertheless, most of these biomolecules are susceptible to oxidation and degradation; encapsulation-based technologies tend to preserve them and increase their bioavailability and functions. These biological compounds demonstrate diverse activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective effects, making them promising candidates for applications in the food industry. Despite their numerous health benefits, marine bioactive compounds have remained underutilized, not only in the food industry but also in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sectors. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the various sources of marine bioactive compounds and their potential contributions to the food industry.

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The Prospects of Algae-Derived Vitamins and Their Precursors for Sustainable Cosmeceuticals

Cited by 14 publications

References 95 publications

Characterization of thraustochytrid-specific sterol O -acyltransferase: modification of DGAT2-like enzyme to increase the sterol production in Aurantiochytrium limacinum mh0186

Characterization of thraustochytrid-specific sterol O -acyltransferase: modification of DGAT2-like enzyme to increase the sterol production in Aurantiochytrium limacinum mh0186

Exploring the therapeutic potential of algae derived food and diet factors in allergy and inflammation

Marine Bioactives and Their Application in the Food Industry: A Review

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