Abstract:Zinc is identified as a promising biodegradable metal along with magnesium and iron. In the last five years, considerable progress has been made on understanding the mechanical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of zinc and its alloys. A majority of these studies focused on using zinc for absorbable cardiovascular and orthopedic device applications. However, it is likely that zinc is also suitable for other biomedical applications.In this work, the prospects for zinc in the fabrication of wound… Show more
“…The in vitro corrosion behavior of pure Zn in different corrosive mediums has been extensively investigated by researchers [ 85 , 256 , [267] , [268] , [269] ]. For example, the corrosion behavior of pure Zn in two corrosive solutions, PBS and RSS, and two natural body fluids, human plasma and whole blood, was first reported by Torne et al [ 256 ] and their results indicated that corrosion rates decreased with immersion time for plasma and whole blood, while they increased during immersion in PBS and RSS.…”
Section: Corrosion Mechanisms and Degradation Behaviors Of Pure Zn Anmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fig. 1 shows an illustration of various in vivo studies using Zn-based materials for potential clinical applications [ [85] , [86] , [87] , [88] , [89] , [90] , [91] , [92] , [93] ]. Fig.…”
Biodegradable metals (BMs) gradually degrade
in vivo
by releasing corrosion products once exposed to the physiological environment in the body. Complete dissolution of biodegradable implants assists tissue healing, with no implant residues in the surrounding tissues. In recent years, three classes of BMs have been extensively investigated, including magnesium (Mg)-based, iron (Fe)-based, and zinc (Zn)-based BMs. Among these three BMs, Mg-based materials have undergone the most clinical trials. However, Mg-based BMs generally exhibit faster degradation rates, which may not match the healing periods for bone tissue, whereas Fe-based BMs exhibit slower and less complete
in vivo
degradation. Zn-based BMs are now considered a new class of BMs due to their intermediate degradation rates, which fall between those of Mg-based BMs and Fe-based BMs, thus requiring extensive research to validate their suitability for biomedical applications. In the present study, recent research and development on Zn-based BMs are reviewed in conjunction with discussion of their advantages and limitations in relation to existing BMs. The underlying roles of alloy composition, microstructure, and processing technique on the mechanical and corrosion properties of Zn-based BMs are also discussed.
“…The in vitro corrosion behavior of pure Zn in different corrosive mediums has been extensively investigated by researchers [ 85 , 256 , [267] , [268] , [269] ]. For example, the corrosion behavior of pure Zn in two corrosive solutions, PBS and RSS, and two natural body fluids, human plasma and whole blood, was first reported by Torne et al [ 256 ] and their results indicated that corrosion rates decreased with immersion time for plasma and whole blood, while they increased during immersion in PBS and RSS.…”
Section: Corrosion Mechanisms and Degradation Behaviors Of Pure Zn Anmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fig. 1 shows an illustration of various in vivo studies using Zn-based materials for potential clinical applications [ [85] , [86] , [87] , [88] , [89] , [90] , [91] , [92] , [93] ]. Fig.…”
Biodegradable metals (BMs) gradually degrade
in vivo
by releasing corrosion products once exposed to the physiological environment in the body. Complete dissolution of biodegradable implants assists tissue healing, with no implant residues in the surrounding tissues. In recent years, three classes of BMs have been extensively investigated, including magnesium (Mg)-based, iron (Fe)-based, and zinc (Zn)-based BMs. Among these three BMs, Mg-based materials have undergone the most clinical trials. However, Mg-based BMs generally exhibit faster degradation rates, which may not match the healing periods for bone tissue, whereas Fe-based BMs exhibit slower and less complete
in vivo
degradation. Zn-based BMs are now considered a new class of BMs due to their intermediate degradation rates, which fall between those of Mg-based BMs and Fe-based BMs, thus requiring extensive research to validate their suitability for biomedical applications. In the present study, recent research and development on Zn-based BMs are reviewed in conjunction with discussion of their advantages and limitations in relation to existing BMs. The underlying roles of alloy composition, microstructure, and processing technique on the mechanical and corrosion properties of Zn-based BMs are also discussed.
“…However, its application was limited because of the significant toxicity [ 22 ]. Therefore, the sustained and controlled release of zinc ions have attracted considerable attentions [ 23 , 24 ].…”
The successful treatment of limb ischemia requires that promote angiogenesis along with microenvironment improvement. Zinc ions have been reported to stimulate angiogenesis, but application was limited to the toxicity concerns. We hypothesized that zinc based metal-EGCG capsule (EGCG/Zn Ps) can achieve sustained release Zn
2+
resulting in reduced toxicity and improve angiogenesis as well as the improvement of microenvironment by ROS scavenging of EGCG. The surface morphology, zeta potential, infrared absorbance peaks and zinc ion release profile of the EGCG/Zn Ps were measured. In vitro, EGCG/Zn showed significantly antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and induced cell migration effect. In addition, EGCG/Zn Ps enabled the sustained release of zinc ions, which reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro
and
in vivo. In mouse models of limb ischemia, EGCG/Zn Ps promoted angiogenesis and cell proliferation in ischemic tissues. Moreover, EGCG/Zn Ps group exhibited the most significant recovery of limb ischemic score, limb temperature and blood flow than other groups. In conclusion, EGCG/Zn Ps is a safe and promising approach to combine the merit of Zn
2+
and EGCG, thus enabling the direct application to limb ischemia.
“…In particular, their corrosion rate is too high for many applications. Moreover, the corrosion process is accompanied by hydrogen production, which may have a detrimental effect on the healing process [15,16]. Due to that side effect, iron-and zinc-based materials have been suggested as alternative potential metallic absorbable implants for both cardiovascular and bone implants [15][16][17].…”
In this pilot study, we investigated the biocompatibility and degradation rate of an extruded Zn–0.8Mg–0.2Sr (wt.%) alloy on a rabbit model. An alloy screw was implanted into one of the tibiae of New Zealand White rabbits. After 120 days, the animals were euthanized. Evaluation included clinical assessment, microCT, histological examination of implants, analyses of the adjacent bone, and assessment of zinc, magnesium, and strontium in vital organs (liver, kidneys, brain). The bone sections with the implanted screw were examined via scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). This method showed that the implant was covered by a thin layer of phosphate-based solid corrosion products with a thickness ranging between 4 and 5 µm. Only negligible changes of the implant volume and area were observed. The degradation was not connected with gas evolution. The screws were fibrointegrated, partially osseointegrated histologically. We observed no inflammatory reaction or bone resorption. Periosteal apposition and formation of new bone with a regular structure were frequently observed near the implant surface. The histological evaluation of the liver, kidneys, and brain showed no toxic changes. The levels of Zn, Mg, and Sr after 120 days in the liver, kidneys, and brain did not exceed the reference values for these elements. The alloy was safe, biocompatible, and well-tolerated.
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