The Prophylactic Effects of Natural Water-Soluble Antioxidant from Spinach and Apocynin in a Rabbit Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxemia

Lomnitski, Liat; Carbonatto, Michela; Ben-Shaul, Varda; Peano, Sergio; Conz, Angelo; Corradin, Lorena; Maronpot, Robert R.; Grossman, Shlomo; Nyska, Abraham

doi:10.1177/019262330002800413

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Recently, the main components of NAO were isolated, chemically analyzed, and characterized as derivatives of flavonoids and p-coumaric acid [26]. The biological potential of NAO was elucidated in various in vivo and in vitro model systems [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This NAO contains polyphenols, which include phenolic acids (p-coumaric acid derivatives) and the glucuronic acid derivatives of flavonoids [26]. We have shown that NAO has antioxidative [26,27], antiproliferative [28], and antiinflammatory properties [29][30][31][32][33] in various biological systems. Spinach flavonoids have been shown to have strong antimutagenic potential and were found beneficial in a Tg.AC mouse model [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spinach flavonoids have been shown to have strong antimutagenic potential and were found beneficial in a Tg.AC mouse model [33]. Furthermore, spinach NAO has been reported to have a protective effect in various animal models for diseases such as doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity [30], skin papilloma [31], and lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock [29,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unique natural antioxidants (NAOs) and derived purified components inhibit cell cycle progression by downregulation of ppRb and E2F in human PC3 prostate cancer cells

et al. 2004

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Prostate cancer (PCA) is the leading cause of cancer mortality among older men in Western countries. Epidemiological studies have shown correlation between a lower risk of PCA and a higher consumption of antioxidants. However, the mechanism by which antioxidants exert their effects is still unknown. In the present study, we explored the signaling mechanism through which unique natural antioxidant derived from spinach extract (NAO) exerts their beneficial effects in the chemoprevention of PCA using human PC3 cells. Probing into the effect of NAO and its derived polyphenols on cell-cycle G1 arrest, we found that they cause cell-cycle prolongation. NAO and its two derived purified components exhibited a significant increase in the level of p21 cip1 expression after 36 h of starvation, followed by 18 h of treatment with NAO in the presence of serum. In addition, under similar conditions, the expressed level of Cyclin A and CDK-2 in the PC3 cells was significantly reduced after treatment with NAO or its purified components. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the hypophosphorylated form of pRb and a decrease in ppRb. NAO and its purified derived components were found to downregulate the protein expression of another member of the pRb family, p107, as well as that of E2F-1. These results suggest that NAOinduced G1 delay and cell cycle prolongation are caused by downregulation of the protein expression of ppRb and E2F in the human PCA cell line PC3.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unique natural antioxidants (NAOs) and derived purified components inhibit cell cycle progression by downregulation of ppRb and E2F in human PC3 prostate cancer cells

et al. 2004

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“…50,51 This proposed antipyretic, ROS-mediated action of bilirubin upon fevers caused by high doses of LPS would agree with several studies. 12,13,52,53 In these studies, the febrile response to LPS was attenuated by antioxidants, whether water-soluble (such as methylene blue, dithiothreitol, aspirin, lipoic acid, natural antioxidants purified from spinach, or apocynin) 12,13,52 or lipid-soluble (such as resveratrol and lipoic acid). 12,53 Of those 4 studies, one 53 involved administering an extremely high dose of LPS (4 mg/kg) to rats, whereas 3 other studies 12,13,52 used 1-100 mg/kg doses in rabbits, the species that is »100 times more sensitive to LPS than rats.…”

Section: Hyperbilirubinemia Differently Affects Fevers Caused By Low mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperbilirubinemia exaggerates endotoxin-induced hypothermia

et al. 2015

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Systemic inflammation is accompanied by an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by either fever or hypothermia (or both). To study aseptic systemic inflammation, it is often induced in rats by the intravenous administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Knowing that bilirubin is a potent ROS scavenger, we compared responses to LPS between normobilirubinemic Gunn rats (heterozygous, asymptomatic; J/C) and hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats (homozygous, jaundiced; J/J) to establish whether ROS mediate fever and hypothermia in aseptic systemic inflammation. These two genotypes correspond to undisturbed versus drastically suppressed (by bilirubin) tissue accumulation of ROS, respectively. A low dose of LPS (10 mg/kg) caused a typical triphasic fever in both genotypes, without any intergenotype differences. A high dose of LPS (1,000 mg/kg) caused a complex response consisting of early hypothermia followed by late fever. The hypothermic response was markedly exaggerated, whereas the subsequent fever response was strongly attenuated in J/J rats, as compared to J/C rats. J/J rats also tended to respond to 1,000 mg/ kg with blunted surges in plasma levels of all hepatic enzymes studied (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase), thus suggesting an attenuation of hepatic damage. We propose that the reported exaggeration of LPS-induced hypothermia in J/J rats occurs via direct inhibition of nonshivering thermogenesis by bilirubin and possibly via a direct vasodilatatory action of bilirubin in the skin. This hypothermiaexaggerating effect might be responsible, at least in part, for the observed tendency of J/J rats to be protected from LPS-induced hepatic damage. The attenuation of the fever response to 1,000 mg/kg could be due to either direct actions of bilirubin on thermoeffectors or the ROS-scavenging action of bilirubin. However, the experiments with 10 mg/kg strongly suggest that ROS signaling is not involved in the fever response to low doses of LPS.

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“…Leaves of this plant contain antioxidant flavonoids, in particular spinacetin and patuletin (Aehle et al, 2004). The biological activities of spinach polyphenols have been already reported (Edenharder et al, 2001;Gil et al, 1999;Lomnitski et al, 2000). Spinach as a vegetable is very important in daily diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Kale Cultivation Conditions on Biosynthesis of Xanthophylls

Ligor¹,

Buszewski²

2012

JFR

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Conditions of plant cultivation directly influence the chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments concentrations. The aim of investigations was the determination of lutein in kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) upon various cultivation conditions including: low and high temperature (overnight and daytime in the greenhouse the temperature was 12 ± 2°C and in the laboratory the temperature was 22 ± 2°C), lack of water (some plants were watered only one time weekly), saline stress (5% of sodium chloride added to irrigation water; watering two times weekly was applied), as well as UV radiation of plants by means of UV lamp (λ = 254 nm; suitable to UVC solar radiation; duration 4 h per day). Three months old cuttings were taken and next mentioned cultivation conditions were applied during one month. Moreover, the outdoor cultivation of kale cuttings was performed. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of plant extracts were made by use of HPLC-UV-VIS-MS technique. Mean values for lutein accumulation as a function of dry mass (mg/g) in leaves of kale have been presented. Obtained results show maximum xantophylls (lutein) concentration occur in fully developed plant leaves of kale for red kale 2.04 ± 0.15 and green kale 1.10 ± 0.09 mg/g respectively.

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The Prophylactic Effects of Natural Water-Soluble Antioxidant from Spinach and Apocynin in a Rabbit Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxemia

Cited by 40 publications

References 51 publications

Unique natural antioxidants (NAOs) and derived purified components inhibit cell cycle progression by downregulation of ppRb and E2F in human PC3 prostate cancer cells

Unique natural antioxidants (NAOs) and derived purified components inhibit cell cycle progression by downregulation of ppRb and E2F in human PC3 prostate cancer cells

Hyperbilirubinemia exaggerates endotoxin-induced hypothermia

Effect of Kale Cultivation Conditions on Biosynthesis of Xanthophylls

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