The unperturbed chain dimensions (͗R 2 ͘ o /M) of cis/trans-1,4-polyisoprene, a near-atactic poly(methyl methacrylate), and atactic polyolefins were measured as a function of temperature in the melt state via small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The polyolefinic materials were derived from polydienes or polystyrene via hydrogenation or deuteration and represent structures not encountered commercially. The parent polymers were prepared via lithium-based anionic polymerizations in cyclohexane with, in some cases, a polymer microstructure modifier present. The polyolefins retained the near-monodisperse molecular weight distributions exhibited by the precursor materials. The melt SANS-based chain dimension data allowed the evaluation of the temperature coefficients [dln ͗R 2 ͘ o /dT()] for these polymers. The evaluated polymers obeyed the packing length (p)-based expressions of the plateau modulus, G N o ϭ kT/n t 2 p 3 (MPa), and the entanglement molecular weight, M e ϭ N a n t 2 p 3 (g mol Ϫ1 ), where n t denotes the number (ϳ21) of entanglement strands in a cube with the dimensions of the reptation tube diameter (d t ) and is the chain density. The product n t 2 p 3 is the displaced volume (V e ) of an entanglement that is also expressible as pd t 2 or kT/G N o .