The Properdin System and Immunity

Pillemer, Louis; Blum, Livia; Lepow, Irwin H.; Wurz, Leona; Todd, Earl W.

doi:10.1084/jem.103.1.1

Cited by 218 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Zymosan particles (Sigma-Aldrich) were first suspended at 1% in 0.15 M NaCl and then placed in a boiling water bath for 1 h. After centrifugation, the pellets were resuspended in saline solution (50 mg/ml) (39). For measurement of serum alternative pathway complement activity, mouse serum samples were mixed with the prepared zymosan particles (250 g) in 100 l of GVBS ϩϩ buffer containing 5 mM MgCl 2 -EGTA and incubated at 37°C for 60 min.…”

Section: Measurement Of Serum Alternative Pathway Complement Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrovirus-Mediated Over-Expression of Decay-Accelerating Factor Rescues Crry-Deficient Erythrocytes from Acute Alternative Pathway Complement Attack

Kim

Miwa

Song

2006

The Journal of Immunology

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Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and complement receptor 1-related gene/protein y (Crry) are two membrane-bound complement regulators on murine erythrocytes that inhibit C3/C5 convertases. Previously, we found that Crry- but not DAF-deficient erythrocytes were susceptible to alternative pathway complement-mediated elimination in vivo. To determine whether it is a unique activity or a higher level expression of Crry makes it indispensable on murine erythrocytes, we over-expressed DAF on Crry-deficient (Crry−/−) erythrocytes by retroviral vector-mediated DAF gene transduction of bone marrow stem cells. DAF retrovirus-transduced erythrocytes expressed 846 ± 127 DAF molecules/cell (DAFhigh) compared with 249 ± 94 DAF molecules/cell (DAFlow) and 774 ± 135 Crry molecules/cell on control mouse erythrocytes. DAFhigh-Crry−/− erythrocytes were significantly more resistant than either DAFlow-Crry−/−, DAF−/− -Crry+/+ or wild-type erythrocytes to classical pathway complement-mediated C3 deposition in vitro. Furthermore, increased DAF expression rescued Crry−/− erythrocytes from acute alternative pathway complement attack in vivo. Notably, long term monitoring revealed that DAFhigh-Crry−/− erythrocytes were still more susceptible than wild-type erythrocytes to complement-mediated elimination as they had a shorter half-life in complement-sufficient mice but survived equally well in complement-deficient mice. These results suggest that both a high level expression and a more potent anti-alternative pathway complement activity of Crry contributed to its indispensable role on murine erythrocytes. Additionally, they demonstrate the feasibility of using stem cell gene therapy to correct membrane complement regulator deficiency on blood cells in vivo.

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Section: Measurement Of Serum Alternative Pathway Complement Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrovirus-Mediated Over-Expression of Decay-Accelerating Factor Rescues Crry-Deficient Erythrocytes from Acute Alternative Pathway Complement Attack

Kim

Miwa

Song

2006

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Normal and immune sera were incubated with zymosan (Fleischmann Laboratories, New York) for 2 hr at 37°C (11), after which time the zymosan was sedimented and the serum removed and immediately tested.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Group a and Group C Meningococcal Polysaccharides and Serum Opsonins in Man

Roberts

1970

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The interaction in vitro between human granulocytes and meningococci in the presence of sera from volunteers immunized by Gotschlich et al. with purified group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharides was studied. Phagocytosis of meningococci did not occur in the presence of preimmunization sera. In all volunteers tested, group-specific opsonins were detected in groups A and C polysaccharide antisera. Opsonic activity appeared within 1 wk after immunization and persisted for at least 14 months. Titers of opsonic activity ranged from 1:20 to 1:320; highest titers were noted in 2–4 wk antisera. Meningococcal opsonins were detected in both 19S and 7S immunoglobulins. Opsonic activity in low-titer antisera depended on heat-labile factors present in both normal and immune sera, whereas phagocytosis was observed in the presence of heat-inactivated high-titer antisera. Phagocytosis of group A meningococci in the presence of certain group A polysaccharide antisera was inhibited by N-acetyl mannosamine, but not by mannose, mannosamine, N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, or N-acetyl neuraminic acid. Absorption studies with sera from patients with natural meningococcal infections revealed that these polysaccharides are the major antiphagocytic determinants for group A and group C meningococci. These studies are consistent with previous reports suggesting that immunization with group A and group C polysaccharides may well provide group-specific protection against meningococcal infections.

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“…As propriedades biológicas de preparações brutas de β(1-3)glucanas vem sendo estudadas desde a década de 50 (PILLEMER et al, 1956) após a obtenção do zymosan, que é o extrato insolúvel da parede celular de S. cerevisiae (HASSID; JOSLYN; McCREADY, 1941). Descrita por DiCarlo e Fiore (1958) a composição do zymosan inclui proteínas, quitina, β-glucana, mananas e lipídeos, sendo a β-glucana o constituinte biologicamente ativo (FITZPATRICK; DiCARLO, 1964).…”

Section: Bioatividade Da β-Glucanaunclassified

Beta-glucana de Saccharomyces cerevisiae: constituição, bioatividade e obtenção

Magnani

Castro-Gómez

2008

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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Resumoβ-glucanas são polissacarídeos constituintes estruturais da parede celular de leveduras, fungos e alguns cereais, que se diferenciam pelo tipo de ligação presente entre as unidades de glicose. Uma importante fonte destes polissacarídeos é a parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, uma levedura amplamente empregada em processos industriais de fermentação. A β-glucana é considerada um modificador da resposta biológica devido ao seu potencial imunomodulador, pois ao ser reconhecida por receptores celulares específicos tem habilidade de realçar a resposta imune do hospedeiro. Outros efeitos benéficos como anticarcinogênico, antimutagênico, hipocolesterolêmico e hipoglicêmico também têm sido relacionados à β-glucana Esta revisão de literatura teve por objetivo agregar conhecimentos científicos sobre a constituição e bioatividade da β-glucana, incluindo seu reconhecimento pelo sistema imune, bem como, a obtenção a partir da parede celular de S. cerevisiae. Palavras-chave: β-glucana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bioatividade, imunomodulador, sistema imune Abstract β-glucans are polysaccharides that constitute the structure of the cell wall of yeast, fungi and some cereals, which differs each other by the linkages between glucose units. An important source of these polymers is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall, which is a yeast widely used in industrial processes of fermentation. The β-glucan is considered to be a modifier of biological response due to its immunomodulator potential. When it is recognized by specific cellular receptors, have the ability to enhance the host's immune response. Other beneficial effects such as anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, hypocholesterolemic and blood sugar reduction have also been related to the β-glucan. The aim of this literature review was expand scientific knowledge about the constitution and bioactivity of β-glucan, including its recognition by the immune system, as well as its obtaining from S. cerevisiae cell wall.

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The Properdin System and Immunity

Cited by 218 publications

References 9 publications

Retrovirus-Mediated Over-Expression of Decay-Accelerating Factor Rescues Crry-Deficient Erythrocytes from Acute Alternative Pathway Complement Attack

Retrovirus-Mediated Over-Expression of Decay-Accelerating Factor Rescues Crry-Deficient Erythrocytes from Acute Alternative Pathway Complement Attack

The Relationship Between Group a and Group C Meningococcal Polysaccharides and Serum Opsonins in Man

Beta-glucana de Saccharomyces cerevisiae: constituição, bioatividade e obtenção

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