The propagation of faults in process plants: 1. Modelling of fault propagation

System reliability modelling: The current capability and potential future developments

“…By specifying the system failure mode in terms of a system variable deviation the model was developed by logically tracing the variable deviations through the system structure and identifying combinations of component states and variable deviations which could give rise to the undesired system state. The research in this area used different means to represent the causal relations in the system such as: digraphs [88], decision tables [89], transition tables [90], and mini fault trees [91]. However, since rules for constructing the failure models cannot be expressed which are appropriate in all conditions these tools have not produced consistently good quality models for a range of systems and so have been largely ignored to date by industry.…”

Model‐based approach to automated hazard identification of chemical plants

“…More recent work by A1 researchers, such as Forbus (1984Forbus ( , 1990, has furnished methods for automatically creating the digraphs. Alternatively, mini-fault trees can be created from propagation equations relating inputs and outputs of a unit and from statements linking faults and hazards to particular parameter disturbances (Kelly and Lees, 1986). These mini-fault trees are combined to create the main fault tree for the plant, a rather complex procedure that uses rules to avoid inconsistencies.…”

Modeling fault propagation in phased mission systems using Petri nets

“…The modeling techniques used to develop such causal models include: digraphs [1,2], decision tables [3,4] and mini-fault trees [5]. One of their limitations is the lack of capability to model the dynamic interactions among the different system components when a system is operating a phased mission.…”