The propagation and interaction of cracks under freeze-thaw cycling in rock-like material

Tang, Xuhai; Tao, Siji; Li, Ping; Rutqvist, Jonny; Hu, Mengsu; Sun, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2022.105112

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Thermal crack is the basic phenomenon of rock thermal damage and an important factor affecting rock physical and mechanical properties [18]. At present, the common understanding of the mechanism of rock thermal crack is that the difference in thermal expansion coefficients and deformation properties of different minerals causes thermal stress, and when the thermal stress exceeds the strength of minerals or mineral aggregates, thermal crack occurs [18,28]. Furthermore, the physical and chemical reactions such as rock dehydration, dehydroxylation, and mineral decomposition under high temperature can lead to the concentration of thermal stress at the defect site, exacerbating the development and expansion of thermal crack [21,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Thermal Crack Characteristics of Granite in Shandong Province, China under Different Temperatures and Heating/Cooling Treatments

Zhang,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Understanding the thermal cracks of rock caused by high temperature is of great help to the development of underground engineering, such as geothermal mining, underground coal gasification. Although there has been many study on thermal cracking, it is not systematic and in-depth enough. In order to deeply study the thermal crack mechanism of rock, this paper conducted thermal cracking experiments on granite at different temperatures and heating/cooling paths, and qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted on the crack initiation characteristics, propagation paths, and crack network morphology of rock thermal crack under different test conditions. The thermal crack mechanism was also analyzed from the perspectives of mineral petrology, fracture mechanics, thermodynamics, and other aspects. The research results show that there are two obvious mutation points in the study temperature range for samples with fast cooling paths (SF path: slow heating and fast cooling; FF path: fast heating and fast cooling), around 200-300 ℃ and 600 ℃, respectively, while for samples with slow cooling paths (SS path: slow heating and slow cooling; FS path: fast heating and slow cooling), there is only one mutation point around 600 ℃. The initiation positions of thermal cracking under all temperature paths are relatively similar, with intergranular crack located between particles at the edge of the sample or intercrystalline crack in the middle of feldspar or quartz aggregates. The initiation temperature of SF and FF path specimens is relatively low compared to SS and FS path specimens, and the number and size of cracks is small. The crack network structure formed by the SF path is the most complex, with the largest crack ratio and cumulative crack length; The crack network structure formed by the FF path is relatively complex, with a larger main crack size but relatively fewer secondary cracks; The FS and SS paths do not form a complex network with good connectivity. The process of thermal crack development can be divided into three stages: the development of small cracks, the joint development of main cracks and small cracks, and the connection of cracks into a network structure. The mechanism of thermal crack propagation is that the expansion and thermal conductivity between different crystals are different. The thermal stress caused by temperature gradient and the tension or shear stress caused by the inconsistent deformation of crystals form stress concentration in weak areas such as particles boundary, cleavage, and original cracks. Firstly, it causes some crystals with smaller strength or less rounded shape to crack, and when the combined stress is large, the cracks will gradually expand along the existing fine cracks. This also explains that the most main cracks of the SF and FF path specimens mainly surround some large mineral aggregates or between particles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the heating/cooling path also has a significant impact on rock thermal crack. Previous research has mostly focused on thermal crack under specific paths [28][29][30], and it is necessary to supplement the mechanisms of rock thermal crack under different heating/cooling paths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Thermal Crack Characteristics of Granite in Shandong Province, China under Different Temperatures and Heating/Cooling Treatments

Zhang,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Different acid types correspond to different optimal injection rates, 20 When emulsified acid is used, wormholes form faster in rocks with a high calcite content. 21 Additionally, temperature is a factor that cannot be ignored, [22][23][24][25] as the acid surface reaction rate and diffusion coefficient are sensitive to temperature. 26 With the increase in temperature, there is an increase in the optimum injection rate and corresponding PV BT in limestone acidizing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional simulation of the acidizing process under different influencing factors in fractured carbonate reservoirs

Guo

Tang

Qiao

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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Matrix acidizing is widely used to enhance oil/gas production in the exploitation of carbonate reservoirs. In this work, a three‐dimensional (3D) hydro‐chemical‐thermal (H‐C‐T)‐coupled model was presented to improve the understanding of the acidizing process. The influence of different influencing factors was analyzed, especially the coupling effect of natural fractures and in situ stress. With the increase in acid injection concentration, the minimum pore volume of acid required for breakthrough (PVBT) decreases. The optimal injection rate and the minimum PVBT increase with increasing initial reservoir temperature. With the increasing initial reservoir permeability, the minimum PVBT increases. With the increasing initial reservoir pore diameter and specific surface area, the minimum PVBT and the optimal acid injection rate increase. When the fracture direction is perpendicular to the direction of the maximum principal stress, the fracture apertures decrease with the increase of the maximum principal stress, which leads to an increase in PVBT and wider paths of wormholes. Lastly, the present H‐C‐T‐coupled model was applied in the context of Tahe reservoir exploitation, which shows that optimizing the acid injection rate is able to enhance the connection between wellbores and natural caves.

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“…Another researchers have performed a series of shear strength [27,28] or triaxial compression strength (TCS) [29,30] tests to investigate the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the cohesion and internal friction angle of rocks. Accompany these experimental studies, plenty of numerical models for predicting the mechanical deterioration induced by freeze-thaw cycles have been put forward [31,32] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on Fracture Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Red Sandstone Subjected to Freeze-thaw Cycles

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The freeze-thaw process plays a dominant role as far as the exploration and development of the natural resource in the cold region is concerned. Freeze-thaw cycles can cause frost heaving pressure in the rock matrix and result in micro cracking, which influence its physical and mechanical properties. A series of physical and mechanical tests are performed on red sandstone to investigate the fracture behavior and mechanical properties induced by freeze-thaw cycles. The testing results show that after treated by freeze-thaw cycles, the mass, density and P-wave velocity of rocks decrease, while the volume of rocks increases. The peak stress and elastic modulus decrease with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, while peak strain and poisson’s rate increase. When 30 MPa confining pressure is applied, the peak stress and elastic modulus of untreated samples reach the maximum values of 92.49 MPa and 12.84 GPa, respectively. However, after treated by 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the peak strain and poisson’s rate reach the maximum value of 0.631% and 0.18, respectively. The development of micro-cracks and growth of pores induced by frost heaving stress are the main reason for the deterioration of the mechanical properties of rocks. Confining pressure and freeze-thaw cycles can transfer the rock’s failure mode from tensile to shear and make red sandstone show more ductility feature.

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The propagation and interaction of cracks under freeze-thaw cycling in rock-like material

Cited by 29 publications

References 48 publications

Study on Thermal Crack Characteristics of Granite in Shandong Province, China under Different Temperatures and Heating/Cooling Treatments

Study on Thermal Crack Characteristics of Granite in Shandong Province, China under Different Temperatures and Heating/Cooling Treatments

Three‐dimensional simulation of the acidizing process under different influencing factors in fractured carbonate reservoirs

Experimental Investigation on Fracture Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Red Sandstone Subjected to Freeze-thaw Cycles

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