“…Nanotechnology has been used in biomedical science, environmental applications, biosensors, nanomedicine, targeted drug delivery, imaging and theranostics (Agraharam, Saravanan, Girigoswami, & Girigoswami, 2022;Balasubramanian, Girigoswami, & Girigoswami, 2023;Deepika, Gopikrishna, Girigoswami, Banu, & Girigoswami, 2022;Haribabu, Girigoswami, & Girigoswami, 2021;Jagannathan, 2022;Keerthana et al, 2022;Vedhantham, Girigoswami, Harini, & Girigoswami, 2021). The use of nanotechnology and natural compounds has been used recently for the treatment of wastewater (Abdelghaffar, Abdelghaffar, Mahmoud, & Youssef, 2019;Ilame and Ghosh, 2022). By reducing the cumulative energy consumed during the synthesis or production process, nanomaterials have been used to solve water pollution.…”