2007
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.8138
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The Proinflammatory Effect of Prostaglandin E2 in Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Mediated through the IL-23→IL-17 Axis

Abstract: Although Crohn’s disease has been traditionally considered to be Th1-mediated, the newly identified Th17 cells emerged recently as crucial participants. Th1/Th17 differentiation is controlled primarily by the IL-12 family of cytokines secreted by activated dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. IL-23 and IL-12/IL-27 have opposite effects, supporting the Th17 and Th1 phenotypes, respectively. We found that PGE2, a major lipid mediator released in inflammatory conditions, shifts the IL-12/IL-23 balance in DCs in… Show more

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Cited by 248 publications
(206 citation statements)
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References 71 publications
(68 reference statements)
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“…Therefore, these EPs are candidates for the downstream effectors of PGE 2 . Indeed, the exogenous and endogenous PGE 2 activates EP2 and EP4 on antigen presenting cells to stimulate expression of IL-23 and IL-6, resulting in a shift toward T H 17 responses (27)(28)(29)(30). PGE 2 synergized with IL-23 in expanding human T H 17 cell (31) and directly promoted differentiation of human and murine T H 17 cells through …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, these EPs are candidates for the downstream effectors of PGE 2 . Indeed, the exogenous and endogenous PGE 2 activates EP2 and EP4 on antigen presenting cells to stimulate expression of IL-23 and IL-6, resulting in a shift toward T H 17 responses (27)(28)(29)(30). PGE 2 synergized with IL-23 in expanding human T H 17 cell (31) and directly promoted differentiation of human and murine T H 17 cells through …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In agreement with our results, previous reports also described the induction of Th17 profiles through the release of IL-23 by inflammatory DCs. 64,65 That DCs are inflammatory as derived from bone marrow precursors 26 is probably critical for the induction of CD4 + cells producing IL-17 against lipid mediators such as prostaglandin E 2 and LTC 4 . It is known that Th17 cells mediate protection against extracellular pathogens via neutrophil recruitment, 66 but also play a central role in immunopathology.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In recent studies, several reagents, including whole pathogens, have been found to stimulate DCs to produce IL-23 (30). Serum amyloid A, an acute phase protein, PGE 2 , and phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, each of which are found in inflammatory conditions, have been shown to generate IL-23 production by DCs (31)(32)(33)(34). These stimulators might enhance the constitutive production of CCL19 by DCs, which results in augmentation of IL-23 production in an autocrine manner.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%