The progressive effects of ageing on chemosensitivity in healthy subjects

García‐Río, Francisco; Villamor, Ángel Casillas; Gómez-Mendieta, Antonia; Lores, Vanesa; Rojo, Blas; Ramı́rez, Tzutzuy; Villamor, J.

doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2007.04.015

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The influence of ageing on ventilatory response to acute hypoxia has been scarcely studied in humans. The previous protocols compared young (20–40 years) with older (60–85 years) groups and always included a limited number of subjects, between 15 (Vovk et al 2004) and 112 (Garcia‐Rio et al 2007). Most of these studies used isocapnic hypoxia and all focused on response at rest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing and cardiorespiratory response to hypoxia

Lhuissier

Canouï‐Poitrine

Richalet

2012

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points• A previous study showed that an older age could be associated with a lower risk of severe altitude-induced diseases.• This work combines a cross-sectional study including 4675 subjects and a longitudinal study on 30 subjects.• It shows that ageing is associated with a blunting of cardiac chronotropic function and an increase in ventilatory response leading to maintenance of arterial O 2 saturation in hypoxia.• These adaptive responses to hypoxia with ageing are blunted by menopause but can be maintained with endurance training.• The cardiac and ventilatory adaptations allow older people to challenge hypoxia similarly to younger ones when performing moderate exercise. AbstractThe risk of severe altitude-induced diseases is related to ventilatory and cardiac responses to hypoxia and is dependent on sex, age and exercise training status. However, it remains unclear how ageing modifies these physiological adaptations to hypoxia. We assessed the physiological responses to hypoxia with ageing through a cross-sectional 20 year study including 4675 subjects (2789 men, 1886 women; 14-85 years old) and a longitudinal study including 30 subjects explored at a mean 10.4 year interval. The influence of sex, training status and menopause was evaluated. The hypoxia-induced desaturation and the ventilatory and cardiac responses to hypoxia at rest and exercise were measured. In men, ventilatory response to hypoxia increased (P < 0.002), while desaturation was less pronounced (P < 0.001) with ageing. Cardiac response to hypoxia was blunted with ageing in both sexes (P < 0.001). Similar results were found in the longitudinal study, with a decrease in cardiac and an increase in ventilatory response to hypoxia with ageing. These adaptive responses were less pronounced or absent in post-menopausal women (P < 0.01). At exercise, desaturation was greater in trained subjects but cardiac and ventilatory responses to hypoxia were preserved by training, especially in elderly people. In conclusion, respiratory response to hypoxia and blood oxygenation improve with ageing in men while cardiac response is blunted with ageing in both sexes. Training aggravates desaturation at exercise in hypoxia, improves the ventilatory response and limits the ageing-induced blunting of cardiac response to hypoxia. Training limits the negative effects of menopause in cardiorespiratory adaptations to hypoxia. Abbreviations BP, blood pressure; S aO 2 ,e , desaturation at exercise; S aO 2 ,r , desaturation at rest; eh, exercise in hypoxia; en, exercise in normoxia; HCR, cardiac response to hypoxia; HVR, ventilatory response to hypoxia; HCR e , HVR e , cardiac and ventilatory response to hypoxia at exercise; HCR r , HVR r , cardiac and ventilatory response to hypoxia at rest; HR, heart rate; PO, power output; rh, rest in hypoxia; rn, rest in normoxia; S aO 2 , arterial O 2 saturation; SHAI, severe high-altitude illness;V E , minute ventilation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing and cardiorespiratory response to hypoxia

Lhuissier

Canouï‐Poitrine

Richalet

2012

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Adapted from Lhuissier et al, 2012. Pokorski et al, 2004;Vovk et al, 2004;Paleczny et al, 2014) while some others found a reduced HVR in old persons (Kronenberg and Drage, 1973;Peterson et al, 1981;Serebrovskaya et al, 2000;Garcia-Rio et al, 2007). Chapman and Cherniack (1987) were the only authors to report an enhanced HVR in the elderly.…”

Section: Longitudinal Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Aging, Tolerance to High Altitude, and Cardiorespiratory Response to Hypoxia

Richalet

Lhuissier

2015

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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Richalet, Jean-Paul, and François J. Lhuissier. Aging, tolerance to high altitude, and cardiorespiratory response to hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol. 16:117-124, 2015.--It is generally accepted that aging is rather protective, at least at moderate altitude. Some anecdotal reports even mention successful ascent of peaks over 8000 m and even Everest by elderly people. However, very few studies have explored the influence of aging on tolerance to high altitude and prevalence of acute high altitude related diseases, taking into account all confounding factors such as speed of ascent, altitude reached, sex, training status, and chemo-responsiveness. Changes in physiological responses to hypoxia with aging were assessed through a cross-sectional 20-year study including 4675 subjects (2789 men, 1886 women; 14-85 yrs old) and a longitudinal study including 30 subjects explored at a mean 10.4-year interval. In men, ventilatory response to hypoxia increased, while desaturation was less pronounced with aging. Cardiac response to hypoxia was blunted with aging in both genders. Similar results were found in the longitudinal study, with a decrease in cardiac and an increase in ventilatory response to hypoxia with aging. These adaptive responses were less pronounced or absent in post-menopausal untrained women. In conclusion, in normal healthy and active subjects, aging has no deleterious effect on cardiac and ventilatory responses to hypoxia, at least up to the eighth decade. Aging is not a contraindication for high altitude, as far as no pathological condition interferes and physical fitness is compatible with the intensity of the expected physical demand of one's individual. Physiological evaluation through hypoxic exercise testing before going to high altitude is helpful to detect risk factors of severe high altitude-related diseases.

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“…Although not a universal finding, aging has been associated with a decrease in the HVR in humans (17,26,38); however, the specific mechanisms by which this occurs remains unclear. Indeed, a brisk HVR would seem important in patients with lung disease to maintain oxygenation, particularly in situations where they may be exposed to acute hypoxic events.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cerebrovascular and ventilatory responses to acute isocapnic hypoxia in healthy aging and lung disease: effect of vitamin C

Hartmann

Waltz

Kissel

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Acute hypoxia increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) and ventilation (V̇e). It is unknown if these responses are impacted with normal aging, or in patients with enhanced oxidative stress, such as (COPD). The purpose of the study was to 1) investigate the effects of aging and COPD on the cerebrovascular and ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia, and 2) to assess the effect of vitamin C on these responses during hypoxia. In 12 Younger, 14 Older, and 12 COPD, we measured peak cerebral blood flow velocity (V̄p; index of CBF), and V̇e during two 5-min periods of acute isocapnic hypoxia, under conditions of 1) saline-sham; and 2) intravenous vitamin C. Antioxidants [vitamin C, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, and catalase], oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced protein oxidation product], and nitric oxide metabolism end products (NOx) were measured in plasma. Following the administration of vitamin C, vitamin C, SOD, catalase, and MDA increased, while NOx decreased. V̄p and V̇e sensitivity to hypoxia was reduced in Older by ∼60% (P < 0.02). COPD patients exhibited similar V̄p and V̇e responses to Older (P > 0.05). Vitamin C did not have an effect on the hypoxic V̇e response but selectively decreased the V̄p sensitivity in Younger only. These findings suggest a reduced integrative reflex (i.e., cerebrovascular and ventilatory) during acute hypoxemia in healthy older adults. Vitamin C does not appear to have a large influence on the cerebrovascular or ventilatory responses during acute hypoxia.

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The progressive effects of ageing on chemosensitivity in healthy subjects

Cited by 39 publications

References 39 publications

Ageing and cardiorespiratory response to hypoxia

Ageing and cardiorespiratory response to hypoxia

Aging, Tolerance to High Altitude, and Cardiorespiratory Response to Hypoxia

Cerebrovascular and ventilatory responses to acute isocapnic hypoxia in healthy aging and lung disease: effect of vitamin C

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